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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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William Penn
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1644-1719 lifespan
founded Pennsylvania, from a wealthy family. Stuns family by converting to Quakers. Gets Charles II to grant him land |
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Jonathan Edwards
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year: 1741
Yale graduate who became a minster. Believed that Puritanism had become too dry and unemotional, he sought to add emotion thru sermons. Shaped the first great awakening, delivered sermon, "Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God" |
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Great Awakening
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A series of revitalized religion during the 1730s-40s. Church attendance went up, ministers preached in exciting ways, occurred in Europe as well.
Brought Christianity to slaves as well. Brought a clash between traditionalists who insisted on doctrine, and those who wanted a more personal, emotional role of religion. |
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George Whitefield
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year: 1730-40s
British Anglican Preacher who helped spread the Great Awakening in England, and then came to America to preach and spread his word as well. He was the first celebrity of North America. One of the founders of Methodists |
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Iroquois nation
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1720s--settled in upstate NY.
Consisted of 6 nations: seneca, cayuga, onondaga, 0neida, mohawk, and tuscarora. They act as a kind of 'lid' on the Hudson *Built longhouses, a political entity that emerged in response to American colonization, dissolved after Revolutionary war |
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John Winthrop
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born in 1587, became a lawyer in England, grew increasingly religious.
Founder of Massachusetts Bay Colony Tried to make New England a model of "true christianity" for Europe. |
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King Phillips War
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King Phillip, aka Metacom, started a war with the whites because of past grievances that built up.
1675-lasted one year This war broke the Indians' hold as military power *But it also destroyed many English towns and was one of the costliest wars in the history of North America |
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Protestant Reformation
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1517
opened up many intellectual vistas for people; many people revisit what were thought to be "settled issues" Martin Luther(german monk) and John Calvin (french cleric and lawyer)-leaders of Reformation many people become literate so they can read the Bible |
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Martin Luther
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leader of the Reformation; 1517
german priest, challenged the authority of the Catholic church Asserted that key to salvation was faith in God, rather than a combination of faith and good works |
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St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
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massacre of Hugeonots & Protestants in France by the Catholic Church
1572; took place six days Marked a turning point in French Wars of Religion, was believed to have been started by Catherine Medici |
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Henry the Eighth
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had 6 marriages; king of England
1509; separated from the Roman Catholic church to form the Church of England Because he wanted a male heir and a divorce |
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The Columbian Exchange
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1492 (when columbus landed)
Exchange of plants, animals, goods, and disease between Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. i.e. smallpox, whooping cough, horses, tobacco, sugarcane |
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Cahokia
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1050-1250 CE
biggest city of the Hopewell Indians; mounds city; Serpent mound. *aka the City of the Sun located in Illinois |
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indentured servants
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legal document assigning a person rights over another person for a certain period of time→used for servants, as well as for someone such as an apprentice (usually lasted 5-7 years)
Many immigrants who were Irish, German, Scottish, etc. traveled overseas to work as indentures year: 18th-early 19th century |
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The Stamp Act
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1765; tax stamp on the corner of a newspaper; many Stamp Act protests to defend American liberty, not English liberty.
"No taxation without representation"-people should not be taxed without their consent |
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The Coercive Acts
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turning point in 1773; mainly aimed at Boston.
Really shocked colonies, Britain trying to take away American liberties. "It is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security." |
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Militia
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year: 1810
citizen soldiers fighting for their country, never existed effectively in England, but did work in America. Ordinary people who weren't paid, acted out of their own ambition Were active during War of 1812 |
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The Jay Treaty
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1795; treaty between Britain and the US that is credited with averting war
*terms of treaty were designed by John Jay *established successful trade between US & France *upset the Jeffersonians in America |
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Federalist Party
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1787; were in favor of the Constitution.
Diverse group, tended to involve more people in commerce, cities, men who had served in the American Army Alexander Hamilton |
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Antifederalists
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1787; were against the Constitution
They made a blueprint for more of an empire (like Britain) *Thomas Jefferson & James Madison *Led by Patrick Henry *Thought that a stronger gov.'t threatened sovereignty of the states |
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The Bill of Rights
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1791; first ten amendments to the US constitution
*Include freedom of speech & press, right to bear arms, freedom of religion, etc. *Introduced by James Madison |
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Specie
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gold and silver coin
• why? o You could no longer pay in other forms o The eight real Spanish silver coin was the most common specie in late 1700s America |
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Boston Tea Party
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1773; "no taxation without representation"
People go onboard disguised as Indians and throw tea off of a British ship to protest the tax on tea Believed to have been organized by Sam Adams |
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manumission
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year: 1820s
*freeing of one's slaves that occurred before 13th amendment abolished slavery *although many slaves still stayed with masters so they could have a job *it was a benevolent act to older slaves who couldn't work |
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Puritan Covenant
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structured town life/society, under the authority of John Winthrop
year: 1639 created a covenant with god as a community, MBC, granted the status of freemen, or citizens to vote (p.54) |
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slave code
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laws in each state which gave owners rights over their slaves; i.e.
year: 1705, VA: if a slave should be killed when they resist their master, the master will be free from punishment Also, whites could not be slaves (9/15/11) |
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Democratic Republic Party
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year: 1790s
aka Republicans,most Antifederalists became Republican Emphasized developing America's resources, and worried less than Federalists about America's place in world standing. (p.218) |
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The Articles of Confederation
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year: went into effect in 1777 but not ratified till 1789
an alliance between 13 founding states, drafted by the continental congress as the US's first constitution. It proved to be weak, and the US Constitution took its place. (10-11-11) |
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Shay's Rebellion
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Shays was an officer in the Continental Army assumed leadership of angry westerners. Why? they were rebelling against the high taxes imposed on them by MA(because they were suffering from financial difficulty). Called themselves Shaysites
year:1787 (p.196) |
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Battle of Saratoga
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year: 1777
General Burgoyne leads Americans against the British, and ends up surrendering in 14 days to General Gates (most important battle of Revolutionary war). Decision was made to then take war to the South... (10-4-11) |
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Loyalists
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Americans that are loyal to Britain
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The English Constitution
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established the basis of the English form of gov.'t.
year: 1688 **add more to this!! *Oliver Cromwell (9-29-11) |
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The Glorious Revolution
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year: 1688
A growing number of people believe James II had to go and plot to overthrow him; people are troubled by his religious tolerance that is so low if you weren't Catholic (9-29-11) *superstition reigns *Catholicism ended in Britain, they were denied to right to vote, and army commissions |
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Tidewater
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An area where commercial crops were grown, like tobacco. This was more of an area for rich plantation owners rather than small farmers. It also represented the differences in social classes between the small subsistence farmers and the large plantation owners (early 1600s)
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Bacon's Rebellion
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year: 1676
Bacon was the leader that marched to Jamestown add more to this!!! |
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Piedmont
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An area where subsistence agriculture was practiced. More of an area for small farmers who mostly grow their own food to live off of and maybe a little bit of tobacco for profit. Represented the differences in wealth between small and large farmers. (early 1600s)
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