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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a vagabond?
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A person who wonders from place to place, with no permanent home or permanent job.
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Why were people scared of vagabonds?
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They were expensive, they were thought of as criminals, they were seen as lazy.
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How were vagabonds punished?
(4) |
Whipping
House of corrections Execution Burning |
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Who was normally suspected of witchcraft?
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Older, lonely women, normally with a familiar such as a cat, had a 'devils mark' (meaning a birthmark). They normally didn't have any friends or family left.
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Why did people blame witches?
(3) |
Because of jealousy, because of hard economic times, because religion kept changing and it was hard to keep up.
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How were witches punished?
(3) |
Ducking stool
Burning Hanging |
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Who was Matthew Hopkins?
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Witch-finder general. For every witch he caught and was put on trial, he got a small fee. He claims there were witches everywhere.
People thought he was a witch, or he was doing it for the fame and money. |
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Why did witchcraft trials increase?
(3) |
Because laws were passed saying it was a crime, Matthew Hopkins, King James 1st wrote "Demonology" - ideas spread as printing improved.
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Why did witchcraft trials decrease?
(3) |
Science began to develop, people were better off, courts no longer allowed hearsay as evidence.
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What was the Gunpowder plot? How were they punished?
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A catholic group, including Guy Fawks, plotted to blow up the houses of parliament as king James 1st opened it. Their plan was foiled after Guy Fawks was discovered in the cellars, just about to burn the fuse. He was tortured until he gave up the names of all involved, and they were hung, drawn and quartered.
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What are smugglers? Why did they smuggle?
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People that bring goods into the country without it being taxed or without the government knowing. People started to smuggle stuff into the country because the government increased taxes on stuff such as tea.
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Why did people not 'dob in' poachers or smugglers?
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Because people didn't see it as actual crimes, but trying to help poorer people out, lots of people were using the smugglers, the government are the ones being criminal by raising taxes.
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What are poachers? Why were poaching laws unpopular?
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Poachers are people who illegally hunt on privately owned land. In the 1700's, unpopular laws were passed stating that only landowners who's land was worth more than £100 a year could hunt anywhere, and anyone's land worth less than £100 couldn't even hunt on their own land.
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What is a highway robber?
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Violent criminals, feared. They robbed carriages on horses or on foot. Victims were rich and wore masks.
They were sometimes famous, eg. Dick Turpin. |
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Why was there an increase in highway robbers?
(5) |
- Horses became cheaper
- Handguns became easier to obtain - Could hide and sell their loot from their taravans - No police force - Many open, lonely areas outside London |
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Why was there an decrease in highway robbers?
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- Handguns became easier to obtain
- Open land was built on, as population rose, giving Highway Robbers less opportunity - Banks improved, less people carried large sums of money - Mounted policemen patrolled the area - Stagecoaches were introduced - people travelled in groups |
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What were conscientious objectors?
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People who refused to go to war.
Alternatives - willing to help the war effort. Absolutists - refused to help the war effort at all. The Conscription Act says all single men ages 18 - 41 had to go to war. |
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What did the government think of CO's?
(WW1 and WW2) |
WW1 - Tribunals bias, police break up CO meetings, imprisonment or execution, field punishments, denied the right to vote.
WW2 - Tribunals were fairer, fewer CO's imprisoned, CO's could campaign against the war, they were allowed to join in with other areas, eg. paramedics. |
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What did the public think of CO's?
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They thought they were cowards, many CO's were sacked, they couldn't find jobs or homes. They were normally victims of physical and verbal abuse.
Some would have been sympathetic if they'd lost a relative or friend in the first world war. But these opinions stuck throughout WW1 and WW2. |
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What is the "rule of thumb?
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That a man can hit his wife with a stick that is no thicker than his thumb.
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Why was domestic violence made illegal?
(4) |
- Campaign groups put pressure on the government
- People accepted that the government could interfere in family life to improve it, eg. NHS - The media published stories and made programs about Domestic Violence - Women gained the right to vote, meaning politicians now had to listen to them |
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What is the bloody code? Increase? Decrease?
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Sharp increase in crime that carried the death penalty.
It was reliable, punishments should be as harsh as possible, it'd deter people, cheap. However, it didn't work as people drank and cheered as executions took place, the crowds grew and it was hard to keep control, there were some controversial executions. |
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Who was Derek Bentley?
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An 18 year old man with a mental age of a 10 year old. He was blamed for shooting a police officer. He wasn't given a fair trial. The public felt sorry for him and the support for the death penalty decreased.
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Why wasn't there a police force?
(4) |
Cost, invasion of privacy, the belief it wouldn't work, the belief that the government will use it to control people and their lives.
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Why was a police force set up?
(5) |
Problems with existing law enforcement, growth of cities, fear of revolution, crime wave and new taxes.
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Who was Robert Peel and what did he do?
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MP, the only one that could actually make a change. The Gaoes Act meant that prison guards had to be paid, there were women guards, separate cells to reduce infection, doctors and priests had to visit prisons, prisoners had to have a basic education.
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Who was Elizabeth Fry and what did she do?
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Began a campaign to improve prison conditions for women. Education act made it compulsory for children ages 10+ to learn, introduced female staff specifically for women prisoners, children were no longer in prisons with adults.
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Who was John Howard and what did he do?
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Pointed out everything that people were thinking, he collected a lot of information, like the size of cells and the food content of the prisons, he then wrote a report. He didn't go on to do anything.
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What are borstals?
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An alternative to prisons for minors.
People blamed parents for failing their children, people blamed it on drugs, loss of community and unemployment. |
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What is transportation? Why was it good?
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England sent criminals over to America because it was cheaper than prisons. America then gained independence so England started sending them to Australia. It was seen as scary, as it was unknown, you were sent away from your family and you were forced to work. It also helped Britain to take over Australia.
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Why did transportation stop?
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Prisons became cheaper to run, crime had not fallen in Britain, some found a better life in Australia so purposely committed crime, prisons became better and more developed.
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