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70 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
Who sponsored Columbus?
Spain
Who were the two leading countries in exploration of the new world?
Spain and Portugal
Why did the Native Americans and the Europeans clash?
Europe:
-land for $
-destroyed land and made it private
-sold land, destroyed hunting
Natives:
-relationship w/ nature
-needed to hunt
-believed you can't own land
What are the three direct reasons for settlement in the new world?
-Political=became world power through wealth and land
-Economic=new trade routes
-Religious=spread Christianity
How can I remember this?
Glory, Gold, God
Who was Prince Henry?
-funded explorations
-liked sailing
-invented Caravel
Who were Dias and de Gama?
-famous for getting around Cape of Good Hope to get to India
What three things were exchanged during the Columbian Exchange?
-livestock
-grains
-disease
Who was Father Bartolome de Las Casas?
-believed Native Americans had been treated harshly by Spanish
-Indians could be educated and converted
-Indian culture was just as advanced as European
What were some of the advantages that Europeans had over the Natives?
-Weapons--iron
-Diseases
-Products to trade w/
-Used goods as bribes to get other tribes against others
-Political unification
What was the intent of the Spanish in America?
Not to stay long term
How did the Spanish plan to defeat the Aztecs?
By forming alliances with other native groups
What were the four big countires who wanted control of the new world?
-Spain
-England
-Portugal
-France
What was and who founded the first permanent colony?
St. Augustine, Spain
What happened between Cortes and Monetzuma?
Cortes arrives on horseback and Monetzuma thinks he is a god. C starts enslaving Aztecs for gold, then they rebel and attack Spanish and stone Monetzuma. Defeat Spanish, so Spain goes back and comes back w/ more ppl to discover disease has killed most of the Aztecs and they take over easily
What did the Spanish conquer in what is now North America?
Florida
What was one of the main reasons the Spanish and Natives didn't get along?
The Spanish impossed their culture very strongly
What was the settlement of Jamestown, and why was it founded?
-formed for $
-joint-stock company
-granted charter by King James to Virginia Company
-John Smith became leader-those who would not work wouldn't eat
-Smith goes back to England
What was the "Jamestown Nightmare"?
-10% of settlers died
-ships went missing
-"Gentlemen" wouldn't work, nothing being produced
Who was Pocahontas?
-"saves" John Smith
-marries John Rolfe
-head of Powhatan at young age
Who made tobacco?
John Rolfe
Who brought the first African laborers over to America, and what did they become?
-Dutch
-headright system (endentured servants)
What happens when the settlers of Jamestown clash with the Powhatan?
Kind James revokes the charter and Jamestown becomes a royal colony
What is the story of Berkely and Bacon?
-poor settlers were pushed to outside of colony, and encountered Natives
-Bacon was anti-aristocratic, but also anti-native
-Bacon rebels (burns capital), Berkley flees
-Bacon dies a month later and Berkley has come back w/ an army
-King becomes aware
Was this rebellion effective?
Yes, the poor did get more say after it
What is the difference between a Separatist and a Puritan, and what are the similarities?
-Separatist=(Pilgrims) wanted to separate from church
-Puritans=just wanted to purify church, also you didn't need a minister to get to God
-Similar=probs. with church, just different ideas of change
Were the Pilgrims tolerant of religions?
No, they were just tolerant of their own
What was the Mayflower?
The ship the pilgrims went to Plymouth on.
Did the Pilgrims have legal authority to stay at Plymouth? And what did they create once they were there?
No, they created the Mayflower Contract that was an agreement rather than a constitution
What is covenant theology?
-"Covenant of Grace"=community has commitment to God
-"Social Covenant"=commitment to each other
POOP?
Who was William Bradford?
-self-taught
-chosen gov. of Plymouth
-worried about settlements of non-Puritans springing up nearby
What was the Massachutes Bay Colony?
-non-separatist got a royal charter, set up joint-stock company
-"Great Migration", Boston was a major city
What were the major reasons that the North, South, and Middle of the New World were founded?
-North=God
-Middle=mix
-South=$
Who was John Winthrope?
-1st gov. of Mass. Bay Colony
-believed God had called him to make this colony
What was the Difference from English colonies?
-Better life expectancy(lower mortality)
-Age of marriage=higher
Tell me about the Dutch and the middle colonies?
-golden age for them
-fighting for control against England
-"New Netherlands" by Dutch West India Company
-Wanted to make $ in fur trade
-colonies known for diversity
-purchased Manhanttan for pennies per acre
What was the New Amsterdam Harbor?
-aristocratic
-partroonships=squares of land ppl had for profit
Who was Peter Stuyvesant?
Control of New Netherlands
What was the conflict with King Charles giving the Duke of York New Netherlands?
-they didn't have the land yet
-brought soldiers to take it
-Dutch didn't have a good army, so they surrender
Why was Pennsylvania founded, and by what group of people?
-Quakers
-refused to pay taxes to support the English Church
-didn't go along with English customs
-believed all children were of God
Who was William Penn?
-Quaker founder of Pennsylvania
-got grant from King( b/c King owed his family dept)
-advertised w/ pamplets to attract settlers
-accepting of Natives
What Pennsylvania a success?
No, b/c it's religious tolerance undermined the reason it was founded, but in long run, yes.
Why was Georgia founded, and by whom?
-James Oglethorpe
-"Buffer" colony (to put space between other countries and colonies
What group of people founded Maryland?
Catholics
What happened in the Salem Witch trials?
-strict Puritan community
-land disputes between families
-unusual religious practices gave reason to prosecute
How did the slaves get to America?
-Slaves came from West Africa(Africans captured others)
-Middle passage
What were the slave codes?
-strict laws restricted them
-children of slaves are slaves
-crime to teach slaves to read
-just b/c they are Christian, they still aren't free
How did most people in the South live?
-large plantations
-most was undeveloped(few cities)
-poor transportation
What was the class system in the South?
-large plantations owners
-small farmers
-landless white
-indentured servants
-slaves
What was the class system in the North?
-merchants, lawyers, clergymen
-tradesmen, farmers
-slaves and servants
What sealed the British win to the French and Indian war?
The Battle of Quebec--British surrounded French and claimed Quebec
What was the Great Awakening?
-social movement, preachers to ppl in tents.
What were the results of the Great Awakening?
-new denominations (Baptists, Methodists)
-democratic component (all ppl could be church members)
-led to colleges
Why did the French and Indian War start?
Britain wanted more land
Who was William Pitt?
-leader of British gov. in America
-at first he was liked
What tensions start after the French and Indian War ends?
-brits too involved in gov.
-$ British made colonists pay for war by taxing
What was the Mercantilist System?
-purpose of colony is to benefit mother country
What did the Navigation Acts say?
1.trade had to be done w/ American of English ships
2.use British and American crews
3.certain products could only be traded to England
4.have to go through English ports to trade / others
What happens when salutary neglect ends?
-english laws are enforced
-Proclamation of 1763
-Sugar Act
-Quartering Act
-Stamp Act
-Townshend Acts
-Tea Acts
What is the Sugar Act
Reduces taxes on French molasses, but added taxes to molasses everywhere else. Meant to be good for colonists but they thought they were trying to trick them
What was the Quartering Act?
Allowed British troops to live w/ Americans
What was the Stamp Act?
-tax on published materials
-Stamp Act Congress=list of complaints to Britain
-Sons of Liberty (Sam Adams)
-repealed b/c of resistence
What were the Townshend Acts?
-addictional taxes to get more $
-protests and Boston Massacre
-indirect tax
-formed Committees of Correspondence (educate about Britsih wrong-doings)
What was the Tea Act?
-failed
-wanted to lower tea prices
-led to Boston Tea Party
-led to Intolerable Acts
What was the First Continental Congress?
-formed after intolerable acts
-12 of the 13 colonies
-Discussed grievances w/ Acts
-led to Declaration of Ind.
What war advantages did Britain have?
-More $
-Organized
-Supplies
-Navy
-Bigger army
-Slaves and Natives
What war disadvantages did Britain have?
-Far away
-Didn't know land
-Bad generals
-Some don't support war
-France
What was the Second Continental Congress?
-Decided to go to war
-Elected Washington as head of army
What happened in the most important wars in the Revolutionary war?
-Lexington and Concord=Brtis heard about militias, sent army to arrest ppl
-Bunker Hill=bloodiest
-Battle of Saratoga=Americans got France, Brits wanted NY, Burgoyne surrenders to Gates
-Valley Forge=very cold
-Yorktown=Brits try to attack South, French blocks British Navy, (Degrasse and Rochambeau), Cornwallis surrenders
What was the Treaty of Paris (1783)?
-Set new boundries(East of Miss. river)
-Brits recognize American Indep.
-