Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What was the Northern opinion on slavery c. 1850 (percentages)?
|
25% were indifferent
25% were neutral 35% were pro-free soil 12% were moderate abolitionists 3% were extreme abolitionists |
|
What were the "M" words c. 1830?
|
market
motorvation money methods management manpower machines materials |
|
Market?
|
population 15 million, developing communication, trade in Orient, clipper ships, railroads, installment plan purchasing
|
|
Motorvation?
|
railroads to move goods and steam power
|
|
Money?
|
greater use of corporate business model
|
|
Methods?
|
ramping up of the division of labor w/ machines replacing skilled workers
|
|
Management?
|
Gregg's attempt to bring industry to the South
|
|
Manpower?
|
New immigrants esp. Irish-farmers
|
|
Machines?
|
Sewing machjine revolutionizing the clothing industry
|
|
Materials?
|
1790- 4,000 bales cotton; 1860-4 million bales and increase in iron production
|
|
Weapons of management vs. Labor organization?
|
-yellow dog contracts and iron clad oaths
-blacklists -lockouts -use of federal courts and more conservative judges to overrule state laws and state courts -court injunctions to end strikes -use of strikebreakers (scabs) and immigrants to undercut workers -use of federal and state troops and company "goons" -society's ciew (un-AMerican/anti-self-reliant) -control of press and politicians |
|
Rise of Unions-post Civil War? (two)
|
1.Knights of Labor-founded 1869 by Terrence Powderly
-All workers (including 40,000 blacks) |
|
Unions formed post CIvil War?
|
1. Knights of Labor-founded in 1869 by Terrence Powderly
-membership of all workers (including 40,000 Blacks): in 1884- 750,000 in 1900- 100,000 -opposed strikes and wanted negotiation and arbitration -goals included: social change, improved quality of life, ownership of factories by workers, 8 hr. day, greater equality of workers and owners, skilled and unskilled workers together. -failed because it was seen as unAmerican (Haymarket Square Riot) 2. American Federation of Labor- founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers -only skilled craft workers were members In 1900-500,000 members In 1905-over 1 million -used strikes and boycotts with "wordnest" to help during the strikes -some goals were; higher salaries, shorter hours, better conditions, anti-socialist, closed shops -merged with Congress of the Industrial Org. in 1955 to become the largest U.S. union (the AFL-CIO) -made Labor Day a legal holiday in 1891 |
|
What were the problems with "King Cotton", i.e., the cotton industry?
|
-plantation agriculture was wasteful-exhaust the soil, move west and buy more land
-economic structure became increasingly monopolistic (small farmers forced to sell out to bigger ones) -financial instability in overspeculation of land and heavy investment in slaves themselves ($2 billion by 1860) -subject to a one crop economy at the mercy of world conditions -discouraged healthy diversification into other agricultural products of manufacturing -many middlemen got rich (bankers, agents, shippers) -falling behind the North in politics, population, and finance -repelled European immigration (in 1860, foreign born pop. was 18.7% in North and only 4.4% in the South) |
|
Slave owning families in 1850?
|
-1,733 own 100 or more
-6,196 own 50-99 -29,733 own 20-49 -54,595 own 10-19 -80,765 own 5-9 -105,683 own 2-4 -68,820 own 1 each |
|
Why did non-slave holding Southerners support slavery?
|
-a message heard from infancy
-hope of someday holding slaves -economic concerns on impact on South without slavery -racial superiority -for poor whites-feeling of being above somebody on the social ladder -a "circle the wagon" mentality against the increasingly strident attacks of the northern abolitionists -legal justification fro slavery |
|
What were some methods of slave resistance?
|
-preservation of culture by oral tradition
-African names -spirituals -broke tools -destroying crops -letting farm animals loose -steal from the master -slow down work -escaping -slave revolts |
|
What are some examples of the good and bad of prison reform and mentally ill that Dorothea Dix worked to improve?
|
GOOD: advanced prisons, institutions for mentally ill, improved treatments of disorders
BAD: prison torture, Patriot Act, POW's in Iraq, mentally ill treated poorly, thought of as inferior, advanced study and knowledge of disorders |
|
What are some examples of the good and the bad that Frederick Douglas worked to change?
|
GOOD: legal end of segregation, equality in rights, breaking into the political scene
BAD:discrimination, not as great representation in politics, some segregation, still hate groups in existance |
|
What are some examples of the good and the bad of public education that Horace Mann strived to better?
|
GOOD: widespread public education, required to have public schools in towns of certain pop., well-educated and trained teachers, truancy and other laws concerning school and education methods.
BAD- schools sometimes overcrowded, old and decrepit at times, standards not always up to par. |
|
What are some examples of the good and the bad concerning women's rights that Elizabeth Cady Stanton worked to achieve?
|
GOOD-allowed to vote, participation in politics, high-status careers acceptable, talk of women President, scientific achievements, etc.
BAD-sometimes discriminated against, not as represented as men in politics, mindset that women are still inferior, "glass ceiling" in companies, lower salaries than men in some instances. |