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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were COLUMBUS' MOTIVES for his "Enterprise of the Indies" (his voyages)?
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TRADE and CONQUEST. Didn't care about creating a colonial community.
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What were SPAIN'S MOTIVES for going to the New World?
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The 4 G's:
GOLD(wealth) GLORY (power & prestige) GOD (spreading Christianity) GROUND (expanding Spanish lands) |
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How did such large groups of MIXED ANCESTRY get started in New Spain?
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Only 10% of Europeans who came were women; Spanish men MARRIED INDIAN OR AFRICAN WOMEN brought as slaves.
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What were CONQUISTADORS?
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Spanish MILITARY SERVICE. (Ordinary men could get rich and become nobles through serving in the military.)
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What were MISSIONARIES?
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People from the church who went to the New World to CHRISTIANIZE INDIGINOUS PEOPLES.
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How did LAWS get made in the Americas?
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By Spain's COUNCIL OF THE INDIES (group of King's advisors)
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What was the ECONOMIENDA?
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Spain's LAND GRANT POLICY - you get land but have to care for the Indians who work it and Christianize them.
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Why did the Spanish Colonial Lords get away with MISTREATING THE INDIANS in spite of the laws of the Economienda?
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The COUNCIL OF THE INDIES was IN SPAIN (too far away to enforce the laws).
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What was the ECONOMIENDA in REALITY?
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INSTITUTIONALIZED SLAVERY
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What replaced the Economienda in the 1600's?
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HACIENDA SYSTEM
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How much did SILVER and GOLD did Spain ship from the Americas? How much did it increase the supply of silver in Europe?
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16,000 TONS of SILVER
2,000 TONS of GOLD TRIPLED the silver TWICE! |
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How much did the INDIAN POPULATION DECLINE as a result of the Spaniards?
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99%
(From 8 million to 100,000 in Spanish held lands) |
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What did Las Casas call this population decrease?
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GENOCIDE (it was actually the greatest demographic disaster in history of the world - greater than the Holocaust)
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What were the CAUSES of Indian DEPOPULATION?
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1. DISEASE ("virgin soil epidemics")
2. STARVATION (stolen food, destroyed economies) 3. REDUCED BIRTHRATES (exhausted women either couldn't get pregnant or didn't want to). |
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Describe the GOVERNMENT of New Spain.
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VICE ROYALTIES (estates) ruled by VICEROYS.
PROVINCES (subdivisions) ruled by GOVERNORS) TOWNS ruled by ALCALDES. |
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What were the major roads in the Spanish Empire called?
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EL CAMINO REAL
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Name the VICE ROYALTIES (?)
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1493 - HISPANIOLA
1508 - PUERTO RICO 1509 - JAMAICA 1511 - CUBA 1592 - TRINIDAD |
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Ponce de Leon
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PUERTO RICO and FLORIDA
searched for FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH DIED in FLORIDA (shot by Indians) |
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Diego Valazques
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CUBA
Massacred ARAWAKS |
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Bartolome de Las Casas
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SOLDIER under Valaquez
LAND GRANT and SLAVES Became PRIEST, freed slaves, gave up land PROTECTOR OF INDIANS 50 years |
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Hernan Cortez
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LAW STUDENT turned CONQUISTADOR
HISPANIOLA to YUCATAN (Mexico) MALINCHE (Marina) Slave turned interpreter DESTROYED AZTECS, TENOCHTITLAN, built MEXICO CITY |
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Legend of Quetzalcoatl
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AZTEC GOD of CIVILIZATION
Appointed bearded WHITE RULER in past. WILL RETURN IN REED 1 TO RULE |
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Why did Montezuma, ruler of the Aztecs, believe Cortez was Quetzacoatl's ruler?
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He ARRIVED in REED 1.
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La Noche Triste
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Several hundred Spaniards and 4000 Indians KILLED while STEALONG AZTEC TREASURES
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How did Cortez defeat the Aztecs.
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REATTACKED (after La Noche Triste) when SMALLPOX had devastated Aztecs.
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What became of the great Aztec city of Tenochtitlan?
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Totally DESTROYED BY CORTEZ and became MEXICO CITY, hub of Spain's American empire.
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Vasco Nunez Balboa
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ISTHMUS OF PANAMA to PACIFIC OCEAN
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Francisco Pizarro
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PERU
Tricked Incan ruler, ATAHUALPA, invited him then SLAUGHTERED his 6000 INDIAN COMPANIONS, IMPRISONED ATAHUALPA. GOVERNOR of PERU Founded LIMA, Capital city |
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Panfilo Narvaez
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CUBA to FLORIDA PANHANDLE (blown off course). His group ENSLAVED BY INDIANS.
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LEGEND OF SEVEL GOLD CITIES OF CIBOLA
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Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico (Navarez' SAILOR AND SLAVE) escaped Indians and wrote about it in .
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Vasquez de Coronado
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Explored INTERIOR (today's ARIZONA & NEW MEXICO.
Found ZUNI PUEBLO, sent to QUIVIRA (land of silver) by Indians to get rid of him. Was only today's WITCHITA, KANSAS. NO GOLD |
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Hernando de Soto
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Took 600 MEN to TENNESEE, ARKANSAS, MISSISSIPPI RIVER. So CRUEL, Indians SENT HIM AWAY. His men BURIED HIM SECRETLY. Only 300 MEN GOT HOME.
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Rodriquez Cabrillo
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CALIFORNIA COAST - NO GOLD!
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Garcia Lopez de Cardenas
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GRAND CANYON - NO GOLD!
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Juan de Onate
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Founded SAN JUAN (now SANTA FE) on thriving Indian town.
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Creoles
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People of SPANISH ancestry BORN IN NEW SPAIN
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Mestizos
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People of MIXED SPANISH and INDIAN ancestry. Largest group, much poorer than other classes.
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Indians and enslaved Africans
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LOWEST, POOREST CLASS
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Pope's rebellion
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Indians, led by Indian named POPE, FORCED SPANISH OUT of Mexico for 10 YEARS.
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Mercantilism
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Spanish ECONOMIC SYSTEM of TRANSATLANTIC TRADE
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What were the two basic ideas of mercantilism?
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1. Colonies BENEFIT PARENT COUNTRY (Spain told them what and how to buy and sell)
2. Spain BUILT WEALTH by EXPORTING MORE THAN IMPORTING. |
