Chapter 10 Expansion And Conflict

Front 1

manifest destiny

Back 1

words used to express a belief popular among americans that God intended the U.S. to expand westward

Front 2

Tejanos

Back 2

native Mexicans who lived in Texas

Front 3

empresarios

Back 3

people who agreed to recruit and take responsibility for new settlers

Front 4

Stephen F. Austin

Back 4

established a colony on the gulf coast of Texas, sold land for 12 cents and acre

Front 5

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Back 5

established dictatorial control over the Mexican government, angered many the residents of many mexican territories

Front 6

Texas Revolution

Back 6

Short but hard fought, Alamo and Goliad, Texans won

Front 7

Sam Houston

Back 7

commander of the Texas Army, became first president of the independent republic of texas

Front 8

Battle of San Jacinto

Back 8

some 630 Mexicans were killed, Santa Anna was held prisoner here, treaty was signed granting Texas it's independence

Front 9

Juan Según

Back 9

leading Tejano figure in the Revolution, after war served as mayor of San Antonio, some claimed his loyalties were with mexico

Front 10

James K. Polk

Back 10

former governor of Tennessee, Democrat, slogan was that he was going to Annex texas, won Presidency

Front 11

Zachary Taylor

Back 11

Polk sent Taylor to the Rio Grande so that Mexico would recognize the dividing line between Texas and Mexico

Front 12

John Slidell

Back 12

a louisiana lawyer and politician, sent by Polk to negotiate with the Mexicans

Front 13

Stephen Kearny

Back 13

General, occupied Santa Fe and seized control of Mexico, advanced to California

Front 14

John C. Fremont

Back 14

U.S. army officer and explorer, led the Bear Flag Revolt

Front 15

Bear Flag Revolt

Back 15

Led by Fremont, on June 14 settlers declared that California was an independent republic and raised a flag with the image of a grizzly bear on it

Front 16

Winfield Scott

Back 16

Led bold siege of Mexico City

Front 17

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Back 17

ended war in February 1848, mexico gave up all claims to Texas and surrendered the Mexican Cession, the U.S. granted full citizenship to Mexicans living un the Cession, also transferred enormous region from Mexico to the U.S.

Front 18

Mexican Cession

Back 18

this territory includes present day California, Nevada, and Utah, as well as parts of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Wyoming

Front 19

Gadsden Purchase

Back 19

James Gadsden negotiated deal with Mexico for a strip of land south of Gila for $10 million, acquired parts of present day Arizona and New Mexico

Front 20

Juan Cortina

Back 20

member of a prominent Tejano family in South Texas, headed rebellion against prejudice attitudes towards tejanos, shot and killed a marshal, fled to Mexico

Front 21

William Becknell

Back 21

Merchant who loaded a wagon with tools, clothing, and other goods, made huge profits and encouraged many other to travel the Santa Fe Trail.

Front 22

Santa Fe Trail

Back 22

780-mile-long trail, controlled most of the trade on the Mexican borderlands

Front 23

Mountain Men

Back 23

Fur trappers

Front 24

William Ashley

Back 24

developed rendezvous system, a method of doing business

Front 25

Rendezvous System

Back 25

a method of doing business: trappers remained in the mountains full time and gather once a year to sell their furs and purchase supplies, reduced expenses and increased profits, each year the group decided where they would meet the next year

Front 26

Oregon Trail

Back 26

this route followed the Platte River across the Great Plains to the rockies, then it descended into Oregon along the Snake and Columbia Rivers

Front 27

Narcissa Prentiss Whitman

Back 27

one of the early Protestant missionaries in Oregon County, very religious, planned missions to Oregon country with husband Marcus Whitman

Front 28

Marcus Whitman

Back 28

Married to Narcissa Whitman, helped found mission among Cayuse indians

Front 29

Donner Party

Back 29

Broke off the Oregon trail to head to California, became snowbound in the Sierra Nevada, some 42 members of the party died. Expedition=epic fail.

Front 30

Treaty of Fort Laramie

Back 30

each nation at the conference agreed to remain in a defined territory, pledged not to attack settlers moving west and allowed U.S. government to build roads and forts in territory

Front 31

Brigham Young

Back 31

He led thousands of mormons to migrate to the Mexican Territory of Utah in 1847

Front 32

Californios

Back 32

the first Spanish settlers in California and their descendants were known as Californios

Front 33

Augustus Sutter

Back 33

a Swiss adventurer who acquired a huge land grant from Mexico in 1839, his headquarters became a major stopping point along the California trail

Front 34

California Trail

Back 34

this trail forked off the Oregon Trail near the southernmost point on the Snake River

Front 35

James W. Marshall

Back 35

one of Sutter's employees, discovered gold at the bottom of a wooden canal used to divert water from the American River, kick off of the Gold Rush

Front 36

Forty-Niners

Back 36

Immigrants who traveled to California for the "Gold Rush"