History Chapter 6

Front 1

the meeting place of East and West

Back 1

Constantinople

Front 2

4 titles given to the city of Constantinople

Back 2

New Rome, Constantine's City, Second Rome, Queen of the Mediterranean

Front 3

What culture strongly influenced the people of Russia and southeastern Europe?

Back 3

Byzantine

Front 4

What year did the Roman Empire collapse?

Back 4

476 AD

Front 5

What empire endured in the East after the Roman Empire collapsed and flourished for another 1000 years?

Back 5

Byzantine Empire

Front 6

The name of Constantinople was changed to __________ by the Turkish government?

Back 6

Istanbul

Front 7

the ancient capital of the Byzantine Empire

Back 7

Constantinople

Front 8

In 330 Constantine dedicated a new capital for the Roman Empire that he called ________ which was more widely known as Constantinople

Back 8

New Rome

Front 9

The golden age of Byzantine culture came during the reign of what empire?

Back 9

Justinian

Front 10

Who was one of the most famous Byzantine emperors who sought to restore the greatness of the Roman Empire by extending the boundaries of the Byzantine Empire to their greatest extent?

Back 10

Justinian

Front 11

What was the name of Justinian's wife who he much of his success to?

Back 11

Theodora

Front 12

What was the name of the uprising that broke out in Constantinople which threatened to overthrow Justinian from power?

Back 12

Nika Revolt

Front 13

Where did the "Nika Revolt" get its name?

Back 13

from the the people's battle cry "Nika!"

Front 14

What does "Nika!" mean?

Back 14

"Conquer!"

Front 15

Who was about to flee the capital and admit defeat but decided to stay loyal to his army and remain in the city?

Back 15

Justinian

Front 16

a systematic arrangement of laws that clarified Roman legal principles and provided a foundation on which most modern European nations would build their political and legal systems

Back 16

Justinian Code

Front 17

finest example of Byzantine architecture; built by Justinian; means "Holy Wisdom"

Back 17

Hagia Sophia

Front 18

the organized church in the that developed within the Byzantine Empire and became one of the most powerful institutions there

Back 18

Eastern Orthodox Church

Front 19

What does orthodox mean?

Back 19

"straight opinion"

Front 20

What church was established in the West? East?

Back 20

Roman Catholic Church; Eastern Orthodox Church

Front 21

painted images of Christ and the saints

Back 21

icons

Front 22

depriving an individual of the sacraments and excluding him from the fellowship of the church

Back 22

excommunicate

Front 23

Why did the east and west churches separate?

Back 23

The pope tried to take over the Eastern Orthodox Church

Front 24

Under who did the military reach its height? Also known as the "Bulgar Slayer"

Back 24

Basil II

Front 25

Emerged as a powerful force in the East and annihilated the Byzantine army at the Battle Of Manzikert

Back 25

Seljuk Turks

Front 26

military expeditions from the West to free the East from the Muslims

Back 26

Crusades

Front 27

In what year did the Byzantine Empire come to an end?

Back 27

1453

Front 28

What caused the Byzantine empire to end?

Back 28

The Ottoman Turks blasted through the city's walls with falcon cannons, slaughtered its inhabitants, and took over Constantinople

Front 29

What decorative art did Byzantine artists create by using tiny pieces of glass or stone in wet cement or plaster?

Back 29

mosaic

Front 30

The ethnic group who played a major role in establishing the early Russian state; the largest people group in Russia

Back 30

Slavs

Front 31

Swedish Norsemen who plundered Slavic villages during the eighth and ninth centuries

Back 31

Varangians

Front 32

gained control of Novgorod in 862; established the first ruling dynasty of Russia

Back 32

Rurik

Front 33

What city became the center of the early Russian state of Rurik's death?

Back 33

Kiev

Front 34

What Russian ruler adopted the Eastern Orthodox Church as the official religion of the Russian state and ordered the destruction of pagan idols and temples?

Back 34

Vladimir I

Front 35

What two Byzantine missionaries developed a written language for the Slavic people of Russia?

Back 35

Cyril and Methodius

Front 36

Under whose leadership did the city of Kiev and the early Russian state reach the height of its power and prestige?

Back 36

Yaroslav

Front 37

What does the name Yaroslav mean?

Back 37

"the wise"

Front 38

Who established a monotheistic religion among his people to replace their polytheistic, pagan beliefs?

Back 38

Vladimir I

Front 39

After the death of Mongol power, what new center of Russian society arose in the north?

Back 39

Moscow

Front 40

What is the cradle of Islam which is a large peninsula that extends south of the Fertile Crescent in the Middle East?

Back 40

Arabia

Front 41

Who do the Arabs trace their beginnings back to?

Back 41

Ishmael

Front 42

nomads who roamed the desert

Back 42

Bedouins

Front 43

Who claimed to be the last and greatest of the prophets of Allah?

Back 43

Muhammed

Front 44

a religion based on the teaching of Muhammad; means submission

Back 44

Islam

Front 45

What were Muhammad's followers called?

Back 45

Muslims

Front 46

What does the name "Muhammad" mean?

Back 46

highly praised

Front 47

Who did Muhammad receive a vision from?

Back 47

Gabriel

Front 48

Why did Muhammad think he was a prophet of Allah?

Back 48

He believed these visions were messages from Allah telling him to preach that Allah was the only god

Front 49

a stone building served as a sacred shrine that housed hundreds of idols

Back 49

Kaaba

Front 50

What was the principal attraction that was possibly a meteorite, which was set into the wall of the Kaaba?

Back 50

Black Stone

Front 51

What is the move called when Muhammad and his followers fled Mecca and accepted the invitation to move to Medina?

Back 51

Hegira or "Flight"

Front 52

How did the Arabs of Medina react to Muhammad when he arrived at their city?

Back 52

They accepted him as their spiritual leader and also made him their political and military leader

Front 53

What did Muhammad do when he reentered the Mecca?

Back 53

He destroyed all the idols of the Kaaba except the black stone and turned the Kaaba into a center of Islamic worship

Front 54

What city became the "holy city" of Islamic worship?

Back 54

Mecca

Front 55

the sacred book of the Muslims

Back 55

Qur'an

Front 56

What is the central doctrine taught by the Qur'an?

Back 56

the belief in one god, Allah

Front 57

What are the certain religious duties that Islam requires every Muslim to perform in order to reach Heaven?

Back 57

Five Pillars of Islam

Front 58

What are the "Five Pillars of Islam"?

Back 58

1. Shahadah 2. Salat 3. Zakat 4. Sawm 5. Hajj

Front 59

Recite the simple confession, "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet

Back 59

Shahadah

Front 60

Recite prayers five times daily while facing toward Mecca

Back 60

Salat

Front 61

Give money to the poor

Back 61

Zakat

Front 62

Fast from sunrise to sunset during the sacred month of Ramadan

Back 62

Sawm

Front 63

Make a pilgrimage to Mecca

Back 63

Hajj

Front 64

What are the two contradictions Islam has about the Bible's teaching that Jesus is the Son of God?

Back 64

1. Islam praises Jesus as a prophet of God and accepts some of the books of the Bible, but rejects Jesus as being the Son of God

2. (Jesus' death on the cross) Islam denies that Jesus came to save the people from sin, b/c Allah would not allow a prophet to die such a terrible death. Islam rejects God's solution for sin with the sacrifice of His Son. Allah is spoken of being a God of mercy but cannot be just unless he punishes men for sin.

Front 65

Successors of Muhammad who directed the affairs of Islam and exercised spiritual, political, and military authority

Back 65

caliphs

Front 66

Who was the first caliph that initiated a policy of military conquest with three other caliphs that led to the creation of a vast Arab empire founded upon Islam?

Back 66

Abu Bakr

Front 67

Muslim holy wars

Back 67

jihad

Front 68

The caliphate that was a hereditary dynasty ending the practice of selecting the caliph from among close friends and relatives of Muhammad

Back 68

Umayyad

Front 69

The first significant defeat of Muslim forces was inflicted by the _______?

Back 69

Nubians

Front 70

Who stopped the Muslims from advancing at the Battle of Tours in 732?

Back 70

Franks

Front 71

The caliphate that marked the peak of the Muslim empire; during this caliphate the political unity of the Muslim world collapsed

Back 71

Abbasid

Front 72

Name the 4 Muslim Culture Contributions.

Back 72

Medicine, Literature, Mathematics, and Art & Architecture

Front 73

Who is remembered for their work with tuberculosis?

Back 73

Ibn Sina

Front 74

Who is remembered for their work with smallpox?

Back 74

al-Razi

Front 75

Who is the most renowned Muslim poet (also a famous mathematician)?

Back 75

Omar Khayyam

Front 76

A poem with verses of four lines

Back 76

Rubaiyat

Front 77

The art of beautiful writing

Back 77

calligraphy

Front 78

places of Muslim worship

Back 78

mosques