American History - Chapter 6

Front 1

Edwin L Drake

Back 1

successfully used a steam engine to drill for oil

Front 2

Bessemer process

Back 2

developed independently by the British manufacturer Henry Bessemer

Front 3

Thomas Edison

Back 3

became a pioneer on the new industrial frontier when he established the world's first research laboratory in New York

Front 4

Christopher Sholes

Back 4

Invented typewriter in 1867

Front 5

Alexander Graham Bell

Back 5

helped build the telephone in 1876

Front 6

Transcontinental Railroad

Back 6

a railroad line linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the US, completed in 1869

Front 7

George Pullman

Back 7

Built a factoryfor manufacturing sleepers and other railroad cars on the Illinois prairie.

Front 8

Credit Mobiler

Back 8

Formed by stockholders of the Union Pacific Railroad who used it to skim railroad profits for themselves

Front 9

Munn vs. Illinois

Back 9

an 1877 Supreme Court case that upheld the Granger laws by a vote of seven to two. - states could regulate railroads- government could regulate private industry

Front 10

Interstate commerce Act

Back 10

a law in 1887 that gave the federal government the right to supervise railroad activities and created a 5 member interstate commerce commision to do so.

Front 11

Andrew Carnegie

Back 11

worked his way up in the Pennsylvania railroad to make his own fortune - gave money for various charities

Front 12

Vertical and Horizontal integration

Back 12

Vertical - a company takes over its suppliers, distributors, and transportation to gain total control over its product.
Horizontal - Merging of companies that make similar products

Front 13

Social Darwinism

Back 13

an economic/social philosophy based on Charles Darwins theory of evolution - system of unrestrained competition will result in survival of the fittest.

Front 14

John D. Rockefeller

Back 14

owner of Standard Oil Company who developed Trusts - used them to gain control of the oil industry.

Front 15

Sherman's Antitrust Act

Back 15

Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states of with other countries.

Front 16

Samuel Gompers

Back 16

Led the Cigar Makers Union to join with other unions - president of the AFL (American Federation of Labor)

Front 17

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Back 17

an alliance of trade and craft unions, formed in 1886

Front 18

Eugene v. Debs

Back 18

attempted to form an industrial union the American Railway Union (ARU)

Front 19

IWW - Industrial Workers of the World

Back 19

Headed by "Big Bill" Haywood, uncluded miners, lumberers, and cannery and dock workers