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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Felix Haywood
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freedslave gained freedom from 13th amendment. From Texas, happy for being free. Wants to be wealthy. Gets a ranch and has cattle and a strong workethic. Freedom doesn’t make you rich.
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Toby Jones
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Strugglingto eat and stay alive, his slave owner says he isn’t free. Steals a horse and runs away with his fienceand moves to texas, builds a house and grows his own food. Wears animal skins, and has it hard off.
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Caleb G Forshey
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–served in confederacy, were doing fine on our own. Apposed to the federal government in thesouth. Says freed people aren’tcomplaining. Ex slaves are going back tomasters. Freedom was unfortunate and sadfor the African Americans. Says slavesdon’t need civil rights says they don’t have intellectual ability
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Reverend James Sinclair
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was a former slaveowner, opposed the South from breaking free. Arrested and loses his church and worked for the freedmens Bureau |
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Ida B Wells BArnett
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began career as a teacher but outspokencriticism of education system led her to lose her job. Became a journalist who led an antilunchingcrusade in the 1890s. Founded first blackwomens suffrage group. African Communityto protect itself, says to have guns. Talks about boycotting. Selfprotection
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Freedmen’sBureau
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Freedmen’s Bureau – An agency established by congress toprovide assistance for freed people. Distributes food rations and also helps poor whites. Helps blacks search for relatives, helpsfacilitate couples getting married. Helps with medical treatment, provided funds to build hospitals. Found 1000 black schools and teachertraining. Founding of blackcolleges. Not successful with land andfair trials. Established importantfoundation for freed people. Only hadauthority to operate for only a hear and was too small to deal effectively withenormous problems facing the south. |
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AndrewJohnson
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AndrewJohnson Assumes Presidency (1865-69), he was the 17th president,former democrat before joining the republican ticket, lenient reconpolocies. Self educated, former tailorshop owner who educated himself. Championed the cause of small farmers. Gets lot of support from small business people and farmers. His backroad gained him support of thedemocratic party. Was governor ofTennessee. Against succession. Refused to join the confederacy. Because of this, he is going to attract theattention of republicans. Selected asLincolns vice president as republican. Known for being lenient in his reconstruction policies.
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Black Codes
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-The black codes – 1865-66 – laws enacted in former confederate states duringreconstruction, to ensure the continuance of white supremecy. Overlook the fact that the 13thamendment was passed, tried to keep blacks in slavery but under differentname. Happened immediately after thecivil war was over. Assumed that slaveswere property and therefore had few rights. Based on former slave codes that assumed slaves were property. To ensure a continued supply of cheaplabor. Nobodys giving them jobs, nobodysgiving them shelter. Forbidden frominterracial marriage. Also forbiddenfrom carrying firearms. Exaples : vagrancy laws, prohibition on interracial marriage. Blacks could not defend themselves or testifyin court against a white person. Significance: Gives rise to the 14thand 15th amendments.
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Fourteenth Amendment
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The14th amendment – was passed by 1868. Grants citizen ship and equal civil and legal rights to all persons bornor naturalized in the United States. Forbade states from depriving any person from their life, liberty, orproperty, without the due process of law. Addressing lynching. Federalgovernment is interviening and saying its a federal issue not a state. Mostimportant since the bill of rights. Forever changed federal and state relations. Trying to protect the rights of free people.
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Fifteenth Amendment
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Fifteenth Amendment - guarantees the right to vote could notbe denied based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Infranchises and gives the right to vote forAfrican American men but denies the right for women to vote(passed with 19thamendment). Encourage freed peoples andblacks to vote during reconstruction and hold public office. Several states imposed literacy tests, cantread cant vote. You have to pay a polltax in order to vote. Violence will beemployed by various groups to turn and scare people away from voting. (successand failures, it’s the beginnings). Forbade the states and the federal government to deny suffrage to anycitizen on account of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude. |
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Carpetbaggers
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Carpetbaggers - brought skill sets from north to south andtry to gain political advantage or make money from starting up businesses. Brought northern mindset. Infiltrated the south and they were given thename because they carried as much as they could w/ carpet bag |
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Ku Klux Klan Acts
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Ku Klux Klan Acts - targeted local republican leaders byphysically abusing them or beating them up or in some cases assassination. Other targets were blacks and their whiteallies. Ku Klux Klan Acts (1871) – wasan attempt of fed govt to put a stop of policies of imtimmedation andviolence. Law didn’t go far enough,didn’t eradicate the clan. In the longrun, over time, other issues in the North are going to trump the needs of freedpeoples. New issues - economics (in the North are issues relatedto industrialaztion. Civil rights act –1875 – to reaffirm the rights of people, deemed unconstitutional. |
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Booker T WAShington
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Booker T Washington - – Becomes one of most influentialspokes person for Black Commjnit in 19th century. Ran an education institute. Argues the best interest of blacsk could berealized through education, specifly in industrial skills and crafts. Controversial – argued we need to give up ourefforts to win full civil rights and political power except segregation anddiscrimination in the short term. Onlythrough economic success can blacks win the respect of the white community. |
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Jim Crow
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Jim Crow - Segregation. Jim Crow was name of 19th century song which became aderogatory term for blacks and Jim Crow laws. Any laws that enforced racial segregation in the south. Plessy vs Ferguson (1896). Success/ Failures – bread out of segregregation |
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She WAlks with her Shawl
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She Walks with her shawl – * Who is the author and how is this battle portrayed? * IT WAS NOT A MASSACRE * Her emotional state – shes |
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Zitkala-Sa
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When shes back at school she wins a victory |
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Plains INdians
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Hunting and gathering and irrigations * Had sophisticated handy crafts * Diverse languages * Seen as an obstacle * Utilized horse and primary transportation |
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Sand Creek MAssacre
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Sand Creek Massacre – At the same time, fighting flared upin the eastern Colorado, where the Arapaho and Cheyenne were coming intoconflict with white miners in the region. Bands of Indians attacted stagecoach lines and settlements in an effortto regain lost territory. In response,whites called up a large territorial militia. The governor urged all friendly Indians to congregate at army posts forprotection before the army began its campaign. One Arapaho and Cheyenee band under Chief Black Kettle, apparently inresponse to the invitation, camped near Fort Lyon and Sand Creek in November1864. Some member sof the party werewarriors, but Black Kettle believed he was under official protection andexhibited no hostile intention. Nevertheless, Colonel J.M Chivington, apparently encouraged by the armycommander of the district, led a volunteer miltia force, largely consisting ofunemployed miners, many of whom were apparently drunk, to the unsuspecting campand massacred 133 people, 105 of them women and children. Black Kettle himself escaped the Sand CreekMassacre. Four years later, in 1968, heand his Cheyenees, some of whom were now at war with the whites, were caught onthe Washita River, near the Texas Border, by Colonel George A Custer. White troops killed the chief and slaughteredhis people |
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DAwes Act
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Dawes Act – provided for the gradual elimination of tribalownership of land and the allotment of tracts to individual owners. 160 acres to the head of a family, 80 acresto a single adult or orphan, 40 acres to each dependent child. Adult owners were given United Statescitizenship, but unlike other citizens, they could not gain full title to theirproperty for twenty five years (supposedly to prevent them from selling theland to speculators. The act applied tomost of the western tribes. The Pueblow,who continued to occupy lands long ago guaranteed them, were excluded from itsprovisions. Not only did they try tomove indian families onto theor own plots of land, they also took some indianchildren away form their families and sent them to boarding schools run by whites,where they believed the young people could be educated to abandon tribalways. The Bureau also moved to stopindian religious rituals an dencouraged the spread of Christianity and thecreation of Christian churches on the reservation Terminated tribal ownership of land * Land held by Indians declined by 50% * Paved way for western expansion |
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Chinese Exclusion ACt
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Chinese Exclusion Act - In 1882, Congress responded to the political pressure and the growingviolence by passing the Chinese Exclusion act. Which banned Chinese immigration into the united states for ten yearsand barred Chinese already in the country from becoming naturalizedcitizens. Support ofr the act came fromrepresentatives from all regions of the country. It reflected the growing fear of unemploymentand labor unrest throughout the nation and the belief that excluding “anindustrial army of Asiatic lanborerers” would protect. American workers andhelp reduce class conflict. Congressrenewed the law for another ten years in 1892 and made it permanent in1902. It had a dramatic effect on theChinese population, which declined by more than 40 percent in the forty yearsafter its passage. The Chinese inAmerica did not accept the new laws quietly. |
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Homestead ACt
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Homestead Act – The land policies of the federal governmentalso encouraged settlement. The HomesteadAct of 1862 permitted settlers to buy plots of 160 acres for a small fee ifthey occupied the land they purchased for five years and improved it. The Homestead Act was intended as aprogressive measure. It would give afree farm to any American who needed one. IT would be a form of government relief to people who otherwise mighthave no prospects. And it would helpcreate new markets and new outposts of commercial agriculture for the nationsgrowing economy. But the homestead actrested on a number of mispercepitons. The framers of the law had assumed that mere possession of land would beenough to susutain a farm family. Theyha dnot recognized the effects of the increasing mechanization of agricultureand the rising costs of running a farm. |
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Frederick Jackson Turner
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Frederick Jackson Turner – Perhaps the clearest and mostinfluential statements of the romantic vision of the frontier came from thehistorian Frederick Jackson Turner, of the University of Wisocnsin. In 1893, the 33 year old Turner delivered amemorable paper to a meeting of the American Historical Assosciation in Chicagotitled “The significane of the frontier in American history’ in which he arguedthat the end of the frontier also marked the end of one of the most importantdemocratizing forces in American life. In fact, Turners assesements were both inaccurate and premature. The West had never been a frontier in thesense he meant in the terml; an empty, uncivilized land awaitingsettlement. White migrants who moved intothe region had joined already established societies and cultures. At the same time, considerable unoccupiedland remained in the West for many years to come. But Turner did express a growing andgenerally accurate sense that much of the best farming and grazing land was nowtaken, that in the future it would be more difficult for individuals to acquirevaluable land for little or nothing. |
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