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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Auguste Comte
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Positivism - Study only what can be observed
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Ivan Sechenov
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All human behaviors are simply reflexes
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Ivan Pavlov
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Conditioned reflexes - dog salivating at footsteps
Classical Conditioning (US,CS,UR,CR) Extinction, spontaneous recovery, disinhibition Experimental neurosis |
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Vladimir Bechterev
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Reflexology
Association reflex |
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John B. Watson
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Behaviorism
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William McDougall
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Emphasized instincts
Purposive behavior- spontaneous, long-lasting, varied, improved with practice |
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Logical Positivism
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Tie the observable with the theoretical
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Neobehaviorism
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Combination of behaviorism, logical positivism, and operationism
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Edward Chance Tolman
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Purposive Behaviorism- every behavior has prupose... not 'twitchism"
Latent learning |
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Clark Hull
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Hypothetico-deductive theory of learning- reduce everything mathematically
Formulas for drive/reduction/reinforcement/etc |
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Kenneth Spence
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Continued Hull's work
neobehaviorist |
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Edward Guthrie
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Law of contiguity- a combination of stimuli which has accompanied a movement will on its recurrence tend to be followed by that movement
One-trial learning |
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B. F. Skinner
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operant conditioning (Skinner box)
Shaping Walden Two |
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Hippocrates & Galen
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Humane treatment for mentally ill patients
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Cornelius Agrippa, Philippus Paracelsus
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Argued against witch hunts - emphasized mental illness
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Philippe Pinel
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Argued for human treatment, remove the chains
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William Tuke
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Created the York Retreat- like a farm for mentally ill patients
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Benjamin Rush
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Advocated no chains/punishment, but allowed bloodletting
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Dorothea Lynde Dix
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Mental institution reform
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Emil Kraepelin
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Classification of mental disorders - precursor to DSM
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Lightner Witmer
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father of clinical psychology
1st psychological clinic graduate program in clinical psychology |
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Franz Anton Mesmer
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Hypnotism, "natural healer"
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Marquis de Puységur
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Huge leaps in hypnosis
Posthypnotic amnesia and suggestion Anesthetizing effects |
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John Elliotson & James Esdaile
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performed surgery using hypnosis
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The Nancy school
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All humans suggestible, some more so than others. Whenever someone believes it will improve their symptoms, it usually will
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La Salpetriere
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Only sufferers of hysteria were hypnotizable
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Charcot
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Trauma caused ideas to become distorted and produce bodily symptoms. Lead to Freud
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Janet
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Use hypnosis to uncover subconscious memories
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Sigmund Freud
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Transference- saw therapist as love object
Resistance- therapist must continue to encourage talking Dream analysis Eros- life, Thanatos- death |
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Psychosexual Stages of Development
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Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, genital
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Carl Jung
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analytical psychology
personal and collective unconscious archetypes synchronicity |
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Alfred Adler
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Individual psychology
Inferiority complex Creative self |
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Karen horney
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Basic evil, basic hostility, basic anxiety
Moving toward/against people |
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Humanistic
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Study individuals, not animals, solve human problems, not to control/predict behavior
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Abraham Maslow
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Hierarchy of needs
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Carl Rogers
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Client-centered therapy
Real self- what you are, ideal self - what you want to be organismic valuing process- inner voice need for positive regard conditions of worth |
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Incongruent person
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conditions of worth replaced OVP
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Jean Piaget
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assimilation
accommodation theory of cognitive development- schemata become more cognitive allowing more complex interactions with environment |
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Harry Harlow
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Surrogate monkeys
solving problems, mental strategies with monkeys |
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George Miller
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7+/-2 information processing
chunking and recording |
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Donald Broadbent
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Dichotic listening tasks
Selective filter of limited capacity system (cocktail party effect) |
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Jerome Bruner
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problem-solving strategies
conservative focusing and focus gambling |
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Ulric Neisser
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Father of cognitive psychology
sensory info is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, used |
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Leon Festinger
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cognitive dissonance theory- when we do something other than what we morally believe to be right, it produces dissonance
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Julian Rotter
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Locus of control
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Albert Bandura
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social learning theory, self-efficacy
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Albert Ellis
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rational-emotive therapy
irrational thoughts cognitive-behavioral therapy |
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Alan M. Turing
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The Turing Test- can we discriminate between man and machine?
Weak AI- simulate human mental abilities Strong AI- duplicate human mental abilities |
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John Searle
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Argues against strong AI, Chinese Room Problem
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Herbert Simon & Allen Newell
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Information-processing psychology
algorithms vs. heuristics |
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Eclecticism
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people using the different branches of psychology
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