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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Middle ages medical influences |
Hippocrates Galen |
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Hippocrates |
Theory- 4 humours: Black bile, yellow bile, phlem & blood Ill if inbalance Blood was created not circulated Natural cause- not supernatural |
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Middle ages believed illness causes |
Astrology God 4 homours Miasma (bad air) |
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Galen |
Theory of opposites eg. Blood letting if blood is out of balance or if you have cold drink hot Dissected animals to understand human body Belived four humours Liver produced blood |
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Medieval doctors |
Barber surgeon- cut hair, amputations, blood letting, for poor. Nuns- monastery, bathe, new clothes, new sheets, prayed, herbal remedies. Military surgeons- risky, amputations, help soldiers |
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Public Health |
Crowded Sewage in streets Rats/vermin Dead in or going through streets Dirty |
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Black death prevention |
Avoid eating excessively Avoid plauge victims Pray for soul Carry posy of flowers (stop miasma) |
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Black death treatment once infected |
Pop buboes Attach live chicken to buboes Flagellation ( whipping themselves for Gods forgiveness) Bleeding themselves to release evils |
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Church medieval help or hinder progression |
No human dissection Prayers>drugs Arrested monks for original research Approved galens ideas BUT looked after sick as jesus taught monasteries to help Monasteries were clean Observed sick |
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Plague facts |
1348 & 1665 Via imports- to flea- to rat- to human |
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Renaissance medical influences |
Vesalius Pare Harvey John Hunter |
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Vesalius |
Robbed criminals corpses for dissection Human anatomy changes eg. 1 jaw bone not 2 People ignored him |
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Pare |
Ran out of oil for gunshot wounds so used egg yolk, turpentine & oil of roses. Worked. (Chance/war) Ligatures (to prevent bleeding after amputation) Only rich could afford so limited |
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Harvey |
Doctor for king james I & King Charles I Blood pumped round body (hippocrates/galen wrong) Rejected by galen supporters Printing press lead to more people knowing (communication) |
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Renaissance |
Not many changes as people didnt want to progress More hospitals funded Royal colleges to improve training of surgeons |
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John hunter |
British surgeon after 1768 Encouraged human dissection Trust bodys natural healing process Observation/ experimentation |
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Black death treatment 1665 |
Amulets Watchmen prevented infected from leaving house |
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1700s innoculation |
Small dose of smallpox to make immune Smallpox= death, blindness, scarring |
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1845- 70 |
Edward Jenner Pasteur Koch Ehrich Simpson Lister John Snow Edwin Chadwick |
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Jenner |
Vaccination against small pox Unable to know why worked Unaccepted- threatened innoculation doctors buisness, fear of mutilation from small pox, Anti-Compulsory Vaccination leauge 1866 for right for parents to decide if to or not. Won. 1853 vaccine of children became compulsory |
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Pasteur |
Germ theory Investigated why wine went sour Using microscope (technology) found germs Killed by heat, pasteurization Not belived as they believed spontaneous generation Stroke Rivalry with koch as countries at war Accidentally assistant left germs open, weakened, injected chicken, later survived full chicken cholera.(chance) Rabies vaccine |
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Koch |
1882 identified tuberculosis germ Used dyes to stain germs. See/photograph them |
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Simpson |
Anaesthetic 1847 Chloroform Queen Victoria used for her childbirth Didnt stop mortality rates He wanted to find other methods as chloroform is bad for you (Belived he didn't trust his ideas) |
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Ehrlich |
Salvarsan 606 killed syphilis germ left the rabbit alive. Other cures killed rabbit too. Magic bullets- giving someone something to only kill bad bacteria |
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John snow |
Broad street pump had crack leading to cess pit. Those who died of cholera drank from that pump. Use to think it was caused by miasma. Before pasteurs germ theory. |
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Edwin chadwick |
Politition Public health act 1875 1. Medical officer every area of city 2. Clean water supplies for poor 3. Drains & sewers 4. Spending money to improve cleanliness would save money in healthcare later |
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Present/modern |
Fleming Florey&Chain |
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Flemming |
August 1928 left petri dish with lid off while on holiday Mould came in from other lab, killed bacteria (chance) Didnt realise importance Went to work on other things |
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Florey & Chain |
Oxford team Found penicillin after flemmings article(Chance) Tested on mice (individual genius) Success testing on human 1841 WW2 so america and britain funded mass production for D day (War) Helped develop pharmaceutical industry
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Key factors |
War- pare(new wounds) florey & chain (penicillin production/funding) Chance- Flemming, pare (running out of hot oil for gun wounds), Florey & Chain (finding article) Individual genius- Ehrlich (using dye to see germs), vesalius (dissected humans), Harvey (blood circulation) Communication- printing press to publish ideas and reach further Technology- microscopes, antibacteria/antiseptic |
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Theories |
Four humours Spontaneous generation (rot causes germs) Miasma God Astrology Germ theory Contagion theory
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War |
War- pare(new wounds) florey & chain (penicillin production/funding) pasteur & koch (rivalry spurred them onto finding more as competitive but also could have found more if were working togther so war was bad) |
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Chance |
Chance- Flemming, pare (running out of hot oil for gun wounds), Florey & Chain (finding article) |
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Individual genius |
Individual genius- Ehrlich (using dye to see germs), vesalius (dissected humans), Harvey (blood circulation) |
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Communication |
Communication- printing press to publish ideas and reach further |
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Technology |
Technology- microscopes, antibacteria/antiseptic |
