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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When did the first colonization of America by people from Asia probably begin?
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About 40,000 years ago
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The Classic period in Ancient America lasted from when to when?
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From A.D. 1 to about A.D. 1000
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What characterized the Postclassic period in Ancient America?
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The rise of genuine cities and chronic warfare
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What factor greatly aided Aztec imperial expansion?
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The geographical advantages of the Valley of Mexico for defense and offense
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Which state dominated Mesoamerican in the Classic period?
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Teotihuacán
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The Maya agricultural system was based on what type of agriculture?
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A mix of slash-and-burn farming and more intensive agricultural methods
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Our knowledge of Maya history has been much enhanced by what discovery?
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That many of the sculptured glyphs record important events in the lives of Maya rulers
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Who was the emperor credited with many reforms and innovations in the Inca state?
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Pachacuti Inca
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The Incas possessed a record-keeping device called what?
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The quipu
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What was a serious weakness of the Inca Empire?
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Chronic discontent and revolts on the part of conquered peoples
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What was the ayllu?
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A kinship group, the members of which married within the group
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Recent scholarly estimates of pre-Conquest populations for the Americas point where?
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To much larger populations than were accepted previously
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Economic life in Aztec Mexico rested on what base?
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Intensive and extensive agriculture
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Before the Spanish conquest, gender parallelism in the Andean world guaranteed what to women?
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Access to land, herds, water, and other material resources
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The Triple Alliance was an agreement to share the spoils of conquest among which states?
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Texcoco, Tenochtitlán, and Tlacopán, facilitating Aztec domination of Mesoamerica
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In the classic Mesoamerican world, networks of commercial trade linked which great cities?
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Monte Albán, Teotihuacán, and Tikal
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2 What was a major weakness of the Visigothic Empire in Iberia?
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Germanic tradition of elective succession to the kingship
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2 A major Muslim contribution to Iberian economic life was the introduction what?
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New crops and irrigation methods
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2 In its first phase, what was the dominant character of the Reconquest?
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Struggle of Christian nobles to regain their lost lands and serfs
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2 What was a turning point in the Reconquest?
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Christian victory at Las Navas de Tolosa
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2 What was a major economic result of the Reconquest?
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Supremacy of sheep raising over agriculture in Castile
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2 What was one method used by Queen Isabella to curb the power of the aristocracy?
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Appointment of officials from the lower nobility and the middle class
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2 In 1492, the Catholic Sovereigns ordered the expulsion of what group of people?
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Jews who would not accept Christianity
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2 Fueros were what?
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Charters of liberties granted to towns by the king
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2 The revolt of the Comuneros began as what?
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A protest against Flemish influence in the royal court and heavy new taxes
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2 Under the rule of Charles V, foreign merchants and bankers did what?
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Foreign merchants and bankers took over important segments of the Castilian economy
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2 What event contributed most to Spain’s 17th century crisis?
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The decline in the inflow of American treasure after 1650
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2 The paintings of Velázquez characterize what?
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A detachment and mastery of technique in depicting the life of the Spanish court
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2 In the 15th century, why did the power of the Castilian Cortés or Parliament decline?
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Because increased revenues from royal taxes reduced the Crown’s dependence on it
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2 What was the patronato?
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Appointment to all the major ecclesiastical offices in the Spanish realms
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2 Hermandades were who?
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Military associations created by Castilian towns to defend their municipal autonomy
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2 Who were Conversos?
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Jews who converted to Christianity to avoid persecution
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