8Th Grade History 2Nd Semester Exam

Front 1

In geographic terms, Italy is a

Back 1

peninsula

Front 2

The two major mountain ranges that run through Italy are the Alps and the

Back 2

Apennines

Front 3

According to Roman legends, Rome’s founders descended from

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Aeneas

Front 4

According to Roman legend, which of the following happened before Aeneas reached Italy?

Back 4

The Greeks destroyed Troy in the Trojan War

Front 5

Under Rome’s tripartite government, the most powerful elected officials were

Back 5

judges

Front 6

In what way was the Roman law of the Twelve Tables similar to the U.S. Constitution?

Back 6

Both were written to protect people’s rights

Front 7

Describe the development of laws in Rome’s Republic?

Back 7

laws were established by the patrician officials in Rome, citizens complained about laws they did not know existed, Rome’s laws were written on 12 bronze tablets, Rome’s laws were displayed in public meeting places

Front 8

The center of life in ancient Rome was the

Back 8

Forum

Front 9

What was the most important factor in Rome’s military success during the 300s BC?

Back 9

Flexibility due to organization

Front 10

Which general led an attack on Rome in 218 BC?

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Hannibal

Front 11

Cicero wanted the Romans to give power to

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the Senate

Front 12

After Caesar’s rule, what did Octavian do regarding his murder?

Back 12

Worked to find the killers

Front 13

Octavian became sole ruler after what?

Back 13

Marc Antony died

Front 14

Why did Marc Antony and Octavian became enemies?

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Antony divorced Octavian’s sister to become co-ruler of Egypt

Front 15

What did Galen influence?

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Medicine

Front 16

What material did the Romans invent that helped their structures last?

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Cement

Front 17

In one word, describe the Roman approach to science and engineering?

Back 17

Practical

Front 18

What effect did the occupation of Judea have on the Roman Empire?

Back 18

Jews rebelled against Roman rule

Front 19

Summarizes the effect that military battles had on farming in Rome?

Back 19

There were not enough farmers to grow food

Front 20

What effect did Theodora have on the riots in AD 532?

Back 20

She helped the emperor put an end to the uprisings

Front 21

Where is the Arabian Peninsula located?

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Southwest corner of Asia

Front 22

Which physical feature dominates the landscape of Arabia?

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Sandy deserts

Front 23

In terms of importance to Arabian nomads, which concern would you rank first?

Back 23

Getting food and water for their animals

Front 24

What did the early followers of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity all have in common?

Back 24

All believed there was only one God

Front 25

25. The Sunnah is based on the

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hadith

Front 26

After Muhammad’s death, the title given to Islam’s highest leaders was

Back 26

caliph .

Front 27

In what way were Córdoba and Baghdad similar?

Back 27

Both were centers of art and learning

Front 28

What were the Janissaries?

Back 28

Slave soldiers in the ottoman army .

Front 29

What was the key reason the Mughal Empire collapsed?

Back 29

Tolerant religious policies changed and people revolted

Front 30

What was the Sufism movement was based on?

Back 30

Ancient Greek philosophy of rational thought

Front 31

Great civilizations in West Africa arose where?

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Along the Niger River

Front 32

Which geographical feature was most important to people living in West Africa?

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The Niger River

Front 33

What activity would both men and women do in a West African village?

Back 33

Work on farms

Front 34

What activities were part of West African religious practices?

Back 34

Meditating/marking sacred spaces

Front 35

People south of the Sahara traded their gold for

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salt .

Front 36

Why was salt so valuable?

Back 36

People need salt in their diets

Front 37

How did Ghana’s kings govern such a large empire?

Back 37

they delegated power to governors, who then answered only to the king.

Front 38

Who were the Almoravids?

Back 38

Muslims who attacked Ghana and cut off trade routes.

Front 39

How did Mansa Musa spread Islam and education throughout Mali?

Back 39

He hired artists and architects to build Mosques in Mali. He sent scholars to study in Morocco and then to set up schools in Mali. He stressed the importance of reading and writing in Arabic, the language of the Qur’an.

Front 40

What are two lasting governmental concepts of Askia the Great?

Back 40

Specialized government offices and a permanent professional army

Front 41

What was the order of dynasties in China after the Han?

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Sui, Tang, Song

Front 42

How were the Sui dynasty similar to the Song dynasty?

Back 42

reuinified China, ending a period of disunion

Front 43

Why did so many people turn to Buddhism in the Period of Disunion?

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they took comfort in the Buddhist teaching that people can escape suffering.

Front 44

The capital of the Tang dynasty and the largest city in the world at the time was

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Chang'an

Front 45

The Grand Canal was built primarily for what purpose?

Back 45

to transport rice and other foods from agricultural areas to the cities.

Front 46

What effect did opening the Pacific ports to foreign traders have on China?

Back 46

expanded China’s trading, contributing to a strong economy in China.

Front 47

What is porcelain?

Back 47

thin, beautiful form of pottery

Front 48

How did advanced printing inventions limit the use of another Chinese invention—paper money?

Back 48

because printing money was so easy that too much was printed, making it worthless.

Front 49

How did Neo-Confucianism differ from Confucianism?

Back 49

because it included a concern with spiritual matters.

Front 50

Which leader ruled over the largest empire in world history?

Back 50

Kublai Khan

Front 51

Why was Japan isolated from Korea and China in ancient times?

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Japan’s island location separated it from other people in Asia

Front 52

The efforts of Prince Shotoku led to the spread of

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Buddhism

Front 53

The raked rock garden helped Zen Buddhists to

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meditate

Front 54

How was the Buddhism of the Japanese nobles different from the Buddhism of the common people?

Back 54

Elaborate rituals practiced by nobles but not by common people

Front 55

What was the main duty of a samurai warrior?

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defend his daimyo and his daimyo’s property.

Front 56

In what ways did Samurai warriors improve their discipline?

Back 56

flower arranging, tea ceremonies, and Zen Buddhist meditation.

Front 57

What did the two Mongol attacks on Japan have in common?

Back 57

Japan was aided by weather in both attacks

Front 58

What was the political situation in Japan during the 1400s?

Back 58

Japan was divided, with many daimyo controlling different territories

Front 59

Who unified Japan in the 1500s?

Back 59

Oda Nobunaga

Front 60

Why did the samurai period in Japan lasted until the 1800s?

Back 60

The samurai period in Japan lasted until the 1800s for all of the following reasons: Japanese rulers limited technology. Japanese rulers banned guns. Japan was isolated from the rest of the world.

Front 61

Summarize how the forests affected the early Maya?

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Provided valuable resources.

Front 62

Why did Maya cities battle one another?

Back 62

To gain control of the land

Front 63

Which factor in the decline of Maya civilization was completely beyond the control of the Maya?

Back 63

drought made it difficult for farmers to grow crops,

Front 64

What happened to soldiers after the Maya captured them in battle?

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They became slaves

Front 65

What were the first Aztecs?

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Farmers from what is now Northern Mexico

Front 66

What were the key factors in the rise of the Aztec Empire?

Back 66

War, tribute, and trade

Front 67

Why did other Native American tribes make alliances with Cortés?

Back 67

Because they did not like paying tribute to the Aztecs

Front 68

Where did the first Incas live?

Back 68

Andes Mountains

Front 69

What event took place soon before the Spaniards arrived and led to the fall of the Inca Empire?

Back 69

A civil war

Front 70

Why was the Inca road system important?

Back 70

Because it connected all parts of the empire

Front 71

Which geographic feature covers most of southern Europe?

Back 71

Mountains covered most of Southern Europe

Front 72

How did the peninsulas of southern Europe affect the way people lived?

Back 72

They became great seafarers and traders

Front 73

In what way did the geography of northern Europe affect the spread of Christianity there?

Back 73

The flat lands made it easier for missionaries to travel there

Front 74

Who were the people most important in spreading Christianity throughout Europe?

Back 74

Popes, monks, and missionaries

Front 75

Who was Saint Patrick?

Back 75

He converted the Irish to Christianity

Front 76

Who built a European empire and was crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800?

Back 76

Charlemagne

Front 77

In what way were Charlemagne’s empire and the old Roman Empire similar?

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They included large parts of Europe

Front 78

The invaders from Scandinavia who attacked Europe during the 700s and 800s were called

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Vikings

Front 79

What did knights receive in exchange for their pledge of loyalty to a lord?

Back 79

fiefs

Front 80

Why did the manor system evolve?

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knights could not work their own fields.

Front 81

Why did Medieval Christians fear excommunication?

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they believed that those cast out from the church would not get into heaven.

Front 82

Why did a split in the Christian Church start in the 1000s?

Back 82

bishops in Eastern Europe refused to recognize the authority of the pope.

Front 83

As popes tried to increase their power, they came into conflict with _______.

Back 83

kings

Front 84

Why were the Crusades fought?

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regain control of Palestine, the Holy Land.

Front 85

Why did the Byzantine emperor ask the pope for help?

Back 85

because Muslim Turks threatened Constantinople.

Front 86

What was the outcome of the Crusades?

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the Holy Land remained under Muslim control.

Front 87

After the Crusades, why did the Byzantines distrust western Christians?

Back 87

because the Crusaders sacked Constantinople.

Front 88

What is a pilgrim?

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a person who journeys to a religious location

Front 89

How were the lives of friars different from the lives of monks?

Back 89

Friars lived in villages with the general public whereas, monks lived apart in monasteries.

Front 90

Why did nobles make King John sign Magna Carta in 1215?

Back 90

they wanted to limit the kings power

Front 91

How did the Mongols help increase trade between Europe and Asia?

Back 91

making the Silk Road safe to travel again

Front 92

Describes Cosimo de´ Medici.

Back 92

powerful ruler of Florence who valued education and culture.

Front 93

How do prices affect trade?

Back 93

when prices are low, trade increases.

Front 94

What did Dante and Desiderius Erasmus have in common?

Back 94

both wrote about problems they observed in societies

Front 95

How are classical and Renaissance statues alike?

Back 95

both feature realistic and lifelike poses

Front 96

Summarizes the Renaissance in one word?

Back 96

change

Front 97

In Romeo and Juliet, Romeo says, “Juliet is the sun.” What does this represent?

Back 97

a humanist idea because a human can be as important as the sun

Front 98

In what way did Desiderius Erasmus differ from Martin Luther?

Back 98

Desiderius did not break comepletely from the church

Front 99

What three words best describe what took place at the Council of Trent?

Back 99

discussion, debate, and reform

Front 100

What were the results of the Reformation?

Back 100

people became more curious about science and the natural world, the idea of self-government began to take hold, and Northern European countries became largely Protestant.