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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Reformation
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-sets up Europe as we know it - modern state system
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Northern Renaissance
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-root of reformation
-spreads ideas -Humanism: care of person, morality, ethics, scrutinize texts -Northern Humanists: want to take texts back to Greek and interpret bible for self -Desiderius Erasmus - foremost scholar - patronage of statesman useful when pushing ideas - reforms of theology - return to bible |
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The Great Schism (1378-1417)
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-root of reformation
-attacked power of pope -at one point 3 popes in Europe -starts tradition of National churches |
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Heretical and Spiritual Movements
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-root of reformation
-when met, Holy Spirit present -saying groups had more power than pope |
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Printing Press
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-root of reformation
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Urbanization
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-root of reformation
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Literacy
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-root of reformation - read bible
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Centralized Region/states
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-root of reformation
-defend catholicism/protestantism |
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discovery of new world
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-root of reformation
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The Reformation of Abuses
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-a movement to reform the church
-simony -residency and pluralism -corruption and lack of education of clergy -celibacy (concubines) -indulgences - selling in order to raise money for church |
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Martin Luther
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-early life
-Be-set by doubts - never thought his penance was enough -became monk - priest - administrator -is man too doomed by sin to be saved |
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"The Breach is Irreparable"
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-the 95 thesis (Oct 31, 1517) - attack on indulgences alone - asks to be debated
-reformer not revolutionary -Luther publishes his Theology -Pope Leo X excommunicates Luther (1520) -Charles V issues the Edict of Worms (1521) - declares outlaw of Empire |
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Luther's Ideas
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-justification by faith - belief in christ = saved
-attacks on the papacy - council has more power than pope and everyone can make one -the selling of indulgences -reduction of sacraments -freedom of a Christian -church as priestly body -rejection of monastic life |
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The Reformation Spreads
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-Peasants: peasant revolt (1524) - luther condemns peasants and casts lots with princes and elites
-Urbanites: great mercantile families stay Roman Catholic - guild masters, artisans, workers (early on) often convert to protestantism -Princes: lutheranism ally in struggle with Hapsburgs - conversion could bring advantages but was risky -territories |
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The Radicals
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-Huldrych Zwingli - salvation through faith - scriptural basis of religious practice - the "sacramentarian controversy"
-Anabaptists (re-baptism) - john of Leydon - mennonites - self-election -Jean Calvin |
