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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Antebellum southern society/agriculture |
based on a slavery institution. This institution produced cotton, sugar, tobacco, rice, grain, andhemp. Society depended on slavery in states including Georgia, Louisiana, Alabama,Arkansas. Those states mainly consisted of cotton plantations which was also three-fourths of the world supply.
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Free people of color |
Any free African American either was a slave owner or went upnorth. Once freed they earned some right, except voting rights. An African Americancould also own land. There were roughly 250,000 free slaves by 1860 before the civilwar.
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Paternalism |
A master- slave relationship that is supposedly portrait as father-son or parent-child is paternalism. Slave owners, or planters would deny any brutality gossip that would arise,and would express their feelings about how they image themselves as.
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Nat turner's Rebellion |
Virginia 1831. a veryreligious man who believed he received a sign from god that lead him to start a rebellion. they started their rampage with overone-hundred African Americans. Fifty-nine whites were killed, this gave Virginia a huge scare,but once the militia formed they ended the rebellion. Nat Turner was later captured and gave hisconfessions before his execution.
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Charles grandson Finney (esp. Social Reform) |
minister in the 19 th century. Revivalism began in upstate New York, bc of theErie Canal flooding people into Rochester & turning it into a “boomtown”. His message: we choose our ownpath by “free will”. Many women and churches followed his message and this began a socialreform throughout the north. The south was still for patriarchy which did not allow women toexploit their opinions in the antebellum. |
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Temperance Movement |
was ran by middle class women who areagainst alcohol. What was once voluntary turned into prohibition when the government steppedin. This movement was a religious based movement from the Second Great Awakening.
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American Colonization Society |
The Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America, was a group established in 1816 by Robert Finley of New Jersey which supported the migration of free African Americans to the continent of Africa. It helped to found the colony of Liberia in 1821–22 on the coast of West Africa as a place for free-born American blacks.
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Abolitionist tactics/ the Gag rule |
very efficient tactics such as the pamphletcampaign, which were anti-slavery pamphlets that were sent to southern politicians, minister, & also slaves. that came to a stop when the south prohibited any of thesepamphlets getting to any slave by law. Another tactic was the rallies, lectures, and speeches thatwere given. sent speakers like Fredrick Douglas to get their opinions out there.
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the Somerset precedent |
Northern Courts used this 1772 England case for any slavery relatedcase. The Somerset was significant because a master commanded his slave to go somewhere andhe did not want to go, so he took him to court. Great Britain did not have slave law so the slavewas not prosecuted for disobeying.
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Missouri Controversy |
devised by Henry Clay, regulated slavery in the country's western territories by prohibiting the practice in the former Louisiana Territory north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. The compromise was agreed by both the pro-slavery and anti-slavery in the United States Congress and passed as a law in 1820, under the presidency of James Monroe. |
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Texas (esp. annexation problem) |
gained its statehood in 1845 after Stephan F.Austin moved in by 1824, and about 27,000 southerners by 1830. Once Americansstarted to inhabit the land they disregard all of Mexico’s terms and conditions, likebringing slavery through the Sabine river, which was also the border between Louisianaand Texas. annexed when president Andrew Jackson rejected theRepublic into the Union. |
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Opposition to Mexican War |
Henry David Thoreau was an author who was opposed tothe Mexican–American War that had recently taken place under the government. He saysthat America is basically waging wars to expand the institution of slavery. Henry longsfor the Union to have a higher sense of morality to this civil corruption. |
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Free labor ideology/ the Fire- eaters |
The free labor ideology was grounded in the beliefs that Northern free labor was superior to Southern slave labor. The key factor is “the opportunity it offers wage earners to rise to property-owning independence.” Fire-Eaters: vivid name given to extreme pro-slavery politicians from the South who advocating breaking away from the Union and creating a separate nation. |
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Kansas-Nebraska Act and it's consequences |
Created border of Kansas & Nebraska to open up thousands of new farms and make a Midwestern Transcontinental Railroad. The popular sovereignty clause of the law led pro- and anti-slavery elements to flood into Kansas with the goal of voting slavery up or down, resulting in Bleeding Kansas. |
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John Brown's raid |
to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. They were defeated by a company of U.S. Marines from the Marine Barracks (Washington) |
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Secession Crisis |
Following the election of 1860, some prominent Southern leaders, wanted to give the Lincoln administration a chance to sooth the sectional strife. but South Carolina warned that if the Republicans won the 1860 election then the state would leave the Union. A special convention followed the election an unanimously passed the resolution of the secession. |
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Why the north won, south lost/ contingency |
The south was out gunned and out supplied, the north was able to strangle the southern economy with the anaconda plan. the south also had more slaves than the north and the slaves couldn't fight till the end. |
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Antebellum planter class (esp. honor)
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high interest economicpolitics, and commercial productivity. How many slaves define the planters which most of thetime is twenty or more slaves. Honor is very important to this class. For example, if a man fromthis class was insulted, this would lead to a duel to a bloody end. |
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Reality of Slavery (esp. law of slavery) |
problematic in a court lawperspective, and was brutal from a moral perspective. Slaves lived in modest shacks or cabins,they received two sets of clothes, and a couple of blankets per year. The slave law wasproblematic because slaves were both property and people. For instance, if a slave were to killsomebody it is considered murder but the slave is also property or livestock.
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Slave resistance |
passive resistance: not working hard with nomotivation, malingering by faking illness, playing dumb, and stealing food.
aggressive resistance:, like fighting back, murder, arson or burning cabins.Most slaves would not commit crimes because of the persecution, or capital punishmentthat would follow. |
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Urban northern middle class (esp. women) |
consisted ofprofessionals like doctors, lawyers, metal workers, ministers, clerks. A middle-class women’s life would be centered around family, and basically would oversee howpresentable, respectable, and religious the family is. Around this time wives started togain more power in the household, while the husband worked. Women started to gainroles outside of the house, like church for example.
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Joseph Smith and the Mormons |
intenselyreligious and kept to themselves. The problem that everyone had with the Mormons wasthe rumor of Polygamy that was floating around their beliefs. Everywhere Joseph broughthis church it got assaulted, so Smith was on foot a lot. Later, they moved to Nauvoo, ILwhere Joseph gained complete power and started a militia. |
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Seneca Falls convention |
These women wrote the“Declaration of Sentiments”, which was a document based on the Declaration ofIndependence that severed the terrible social bonds that men had over women. Womenthat wanted change, wanted equal opportunity, education, protection of property and theright to vote. |
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William Lloyd Garrison/ David Walker |
Walker was a man who appealed tocolored citizens in America. He writes pamphlets for the public and gives it an aggressiveapproach. He states that slavery give NO compensation, and that we need to get rid of it.He also predicts that slaves will rebel in a matter of time. Garrison wasalso an abolitionist who know for his newspaper “The Liberator”, he also wanted to getrid of slavery like stopping a sin, immediately.
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Splits in the Abolition Movement |
Once havoc broke out between the North and theSouth, that’s when abolitionist started to disagreeing with one another. For William FloydGarrison convinced his followers that a revolution must take place in order for fullemancipation of slavery, and that they must avoid any churches and political parties thatdisagree.
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Southern Defense of Slavery (Fitzhugh) |
Southerners had arguments that included biblical, racial, social, and historical subjectsand issues concerning slavery & paternalism argumentthat involves George Fitzhugh. George defends slavery by attacking industrialcapitalism. He also mentions that a master is to care for his slaves, and that poor whitesshould become slaves; southerners disagree with this opinion in due course.
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Manifest Destiney |
a widely held belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America. (Need More Info) |
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James K. Polk (Mexican War) |
James K. Polk became president in 1844 when democratswanted a nominee like Clay. While he was president he sent General Taylor to the Rio Grandeborder for what he does not admit was an invasion, and to start the Mexican War which lastedfrom 1846-1848
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Election of 1840 and Tyler |
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Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 |
passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern slave-holding interests and Northern Free-Soilers. |
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Dred Scott v. sandford |
whether enslaved or free, could not be an American citizen and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court,[4][5] and that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in the federal territories acquired after the creation of the United States.
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Election of 1860 |
the immediate impetus for the outbreak of the American Civil War. The United States had been divided during the 1850s on questions surrounding the expansion of slavery and the rights of slave owners. Incumbent President James Buchanan, like his predecessor Franklin Pierce, was a northerner with sympathies for the South. |
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Total War/ Emancipation Proclamation |
a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. It purported to change the federal legal status of more than 3 million enslaved people in the designated areas of the South from "slave" to "free", although its immediate effect was less. |
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How did the california Gold Rush anticipate a future multicultural U.S.? What were some of the problems that emerged there? |
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How did the roles for antebellum southern women (Particularly the wives of the planter class) differ from the news of northern female reformers (ch. 13)? |
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Why did antebellum americans demonstrate such an interest in utopian societies? briefly discuss an example of a religious one and a secular one. |
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How did the actions of the Republican party during the Civil War impact the northern economy and society |
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How did economic problems hinder the efforts of the confederacy to successfully wage the war? |
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