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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abassid Dynasty
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family who ruled the Abassid Caliphate in the Islamic Empire after overthrowing the Umayyad dynasty
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Albigensian crusade
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-1209-1229
-military campaign launched by the Catholic Church to eliminate the heretical Cathars -started with Inquisition, but military men began to fight alongside the Inquisitors |
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Ashoka
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-most influential ruler during the Maurya Dynasty in the Indian Empire
-converted to Buddhism and rejected Vedic tradition -wrote Rock and Pillar Edicts |
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Averroes
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-Also known as Ibn Rushd
-Muslim Philosopher who argued that classical ideas from the early philosophers could be combined and be cohesive with teachings of Islam -influenced scholasticism |
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Avignon
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-City in Southern France where the King Phillip moved the Pope during the Great Schism, and the Pope remained there for 70 years before returning to Rome
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ayllu
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-group or family unit in the early Inca civilization
-may have each had a minor God and educated and fed their own by farming or trading |
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Aztecs
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-Warlike civilization that conquered much land in North America
-violent religion -economy based on conquering, enslaving, and taxing -conquered by Cortez |
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Battle of Hastings
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-October 1066
-William II of Normandy defeats English King Harold II ending Anglo-Saxon domination -marked beginning of manoralism |
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Beijing
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-started to be used as a capital by the Yuan dynasty (mongols)
-is also the Forbidden City |
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Bodhisattvas
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Men who have reached Nirvana but chose instead to stay on earth and help lead others to Nirvana
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Boethius
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-Translated aristotle's writings from Greek to Latin
-because of him, the Middle ages had the classical writings -Roman Noble |
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Brahma
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-God of Creation (important in Vedic Tradition
-Father of Manu |
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Brahman
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-World's soul
-When Atman reaches Moksha and released from Samsara, it returns to the be reunited with the world's soul |
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Brahmin
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-one of the varnas
-highest caste (priests, scholars) -originated from Aryan invasion |
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caesaropapism
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combining religious and political authority into one person
-i.e. Justinian, Constantine |
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caliphate
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Both the name of the Islamic Empire and the office that rules it (in succession to Muhammed)
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Carolingian Renaissance
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-period of intellectual and cultural revival during the time of Charlemagne
-attempt to recreate the previous culture of the Roman Empire |
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Constantine
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-successor of Diocletian
-rules over entire Empire -sees Chi Ro in a vision and believes God favors him; defeats his enemy and declare Christianity to be the State Church |
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dharma
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Buddhist belief that one needs to accept his role in society and not be rebellious towards it
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Divine Comedy
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Part of Dante's Inferno
-Dante travels through hell and purgatory and ends up in paradise |
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Feudalism
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-Suzeraine/Vassal relationships
-impossible to escape fief agreement; serfs made only enough to live |
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footbinding
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done to elite woman to show their status
-caused inability to walk and pain, but seen as beautiful |
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Forbidden City
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-belonged to Khubilai Khan of Yuan Dynasty
-houses Chinese Emperors |
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Genghis Khan
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-name of Temüjin given him by Mongol Followers
-Founder of the Mongol empire and united western and eastern Eurasia |
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Granada
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Final Muslim holding that was conquered in 1492 by Spain, ending the reconquista
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Grand Canal
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-1100 mile long waterway between Yellow and Yansti R.
-built during Sui Dynasy -lasting effect of trade and transportation |
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Gupta Dynasty
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-Dynasty of the golden age in India
-concept of zero invented -intellectual thought flourished |
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Hadith
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second most important work in Islamic religion
-contained words and actions of Muhammed |
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Han Dynasty
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-Liu Bang
-time of economic prosperity and technology (paper, watermill, horse collar, crossbow) -Confucianism became state ethic |
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Hanseatic League
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League of cities in western Europe that banded together to set trade rules and offer trade protection
-not political, but economical league, increased trad |
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hijra
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Muhammed's journey from Mecca to Yathrib in 622
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Hinduism
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main difference from vedic tradition is that they believed the gods could intervene in Samsara and help an Atman speed up his return to Brahman
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Huitzilopochtli
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Aztec god, originally war god, but became sun god
-believed he required sacrifice of human hearts |
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Hundred Years War
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English and French in France
-Joan of Arc burned -first cannon used |
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Incas
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South American Natives
-developed first potato -isolationist -conquered by Spanish Pizzaro |
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Innocent III
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-denied king Phillip divorce
-peak of papacy power -started Albeginian Inquisition |
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Investiture Controversy
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Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII argue over who elects bishops- King appoints a bishop, and Pope strips all bishops in HRE of sacramental rights
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Ishmael
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Son of Abraham
-Muslims claim he should have been the son sacrificed |
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Jainism
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-Mahavira founder
-believed in only bad karma and overcoming desire |
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Johann Gutenberg
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invented printing press in 1436
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John Hus
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follower of John Wycliffe
-burned at the stake -believe all men should have the priesthood and baptize |
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Justinian
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-Byzantine King, successor to Constantine
-ordered codification of laws -wife Theodora controlled a lot of things he did |
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kamikaze
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"divine wind" that kept mongols back from invading Japan. Japanese attributed it to their wind god
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khalifa (caliph)
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have religious power and authority in Islam
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Kong Fu Zi
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-Confucius
-all men are inherently good |
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Magna Carta
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signed by prince john declaring the rights of the people
-checked kings power |
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Mahavira
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-founded Jainism
-came from wealthier class |
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Mandarin
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Chinese Language
-started by mongol rule |
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Manoralism
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during middle ages due to decline of cities
-sharecropping evolved |
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Marco Polo
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took 20 year journey from venice to china and back
-increased excitement for chinese goods such as silk, spices, etc |
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Mauryan Dynasty
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-first Indian Empire
-unified India -founded by chamhagupta -no writing |
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Mecca
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birthplace of Muhammed
-first visited by Gabriel here |
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Ming Empire
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-overthrew Yuan empire
-technology slowed, while art, litterature and porcelain increased |
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missionary religions
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-Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism
-Christianity and Islam used military force |
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Moksha
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Hindu and Vedic belief of end of reincarnation to rejoin Brahman
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Nicene Council
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-Called by Constantine to reunite the divisions of Catholicism in his Empire
-Bishops came together at Nicea and clarified several church doctrines |
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Nirvana
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-Buddhist belief meaning "snuffing of the flame"
-end of Samsara |
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Ögödei
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succeeded father Ghangis Khan over Yuan Empire
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Olmec
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first mesoamerican civilization
-agriculture, trade, and construction |
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Ottoman Turks
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Muslim turks that defeated Constantinople and ended the Byzantine Empire
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Prince Henry
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The "Navigator" Portuguese prince
-went to south africa to try and get gold and ivory to help fund a crusade to drive muslims out of north |
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Qin Dynasty
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known as China
-enslaved people, but extremely wealthy |
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Quran (Koran)
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Islam bible- given by revelation from Gabriel to Muhammed
-means recitation |
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Reconquista
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move to take back Christian cities from Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula
-last city was Granada |
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Shi Huangdi
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-Emperor during Qin Dynasty
-built great wall, burned books -believed in legalism |
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Shi’ite
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Branch of Islam believed in following Ali, Muhammed's son-in-law
-state religion of Iran |
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St. Augustine
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theologian claiming god's graces are essential to salvation
-wrote Encheridion |
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St. Jerome
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translated the Bible into Latin
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St. Simeon Stylite
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ascetic saint who lived on a post for 27 years. no sacrifice was too much
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St. Thomas Aquinas
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Italian Priest of Catholic church
-wrote Summa Theologica -believed faith and reason could go hand in hand |
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Sufism
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branch of Islam
-mystics: believed they could have a personal connection with God -Whirling Dirvishes |
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Summa Theologica
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supposed to contain all truth in the world (faith and reason)
-written by Thomas Aquinas |
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Sunnis
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believe that community should select its own leadership (Islam)
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T’ang Dynasty
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Endorsed Buddhism
-silk road -confucianism still strong -Li family |
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T’ang Empire
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-unified China and central Asia
-Buddhism enters China (seen as threat) |
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Taoism (Daoism)
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-founder Lou Zi
-rejected hierarchy of Confucianism -did not seek for higher learning |
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Tawantinsuyu
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name by which incas referred to their kingdom
-meaning four regions |
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Teotihuacán
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-largest city in mesoAmerica
-believed to be the city of Gods |
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The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
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sailing itinerary made by unknown Greco-Egyptian sailor
-most revealing trade document |
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Tiahuanaco
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pre-columbian city where Incas most likely came from
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Timur the Lame
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conquered much of western and central Asia
-founded Timurid Empire |
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Umayyad Dynasty
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took over caliph position and stationed in Damascus (2nd caliphate)
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Xiongnu
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band of nomads outside of China
-"mongols" |
