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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Homo Erectus |
Species found in Africa and Asia- used fire and tools |
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Neanderthal |
Species that lived among Homo Sapiens but not one |
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Venus figurines |
Artifacts that depict religious deities and emphasize fertile production (feminine) |
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Three craft industry |
Pottery, metallurgy, textiles |
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Ziggurat |
Pyramids by Sumerians, temples in middle of cities with shrines at the top (not smooth) |
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Hammurabi's Code |
One of worlds lasting laws that survived in its entirety |
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Nebuchadnezzar |
Ruler of the Chaldean Empire (New Babylonian Empire) |
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Cuneiform |
Slavic writing system, ideas not sounds, hieroglyphics- thousands of characters
First writing system. Over 1000 characters ideas not sounds. |
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Epic of Gilgamesh |
Oldest surviving stories and its quest for immortality. Developed in illiterate times. Combine factual events with fictional events. Became standard text in schools to read and write. |
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Hebrews |
Ancestors of the Jewish people Judaism -most influential religion All religions before this were polytheistic Midrash- ancient tradition |
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Phoenicians |
Lived in what would now be Lebanon, referred to themselves as kanonites. (Need more info) First to develop alphabetic writing in Canaan. First Greek alphabet came from Phoenician. Modified Greek alphabet is Roman alphabet (Latin) |
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Hittites |
In Europe, what would now be Turkey, Classical Greek Civilization (ancestral people) Indo European language speaking ancestral people of ancient Greeks. |
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Nubia |
Adapted upper Nile, built Kindom of Kush (conquered Egypt in New Kingdom) |
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Pyramids of Giza |
Tombs that were built in the old kingdom. Smooth (Egypt) This showed that during height of Egyptians it had much prosperity |
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Hyksos |
Middle kingdoms was invaded and conquered by people of Middle East (Hyksos) |
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Kingdom of Kush |
People were Nubians, spread out on the Nile. At one point Nubians conquered Egypt, but not until New Kingdom Capital: kirma |
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Hieroglyphics |
Egyptians worked with paper. This was a sacred writing or holy scripture. (Greek word and the name was given by the Greeks) |
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Hieratic |
Egyptians developed this form of writing for casual use unlike hieroglyphics which were used for sacred writings do also found in tombs or shrines.
(Rosetta Stone) helped decipher hieroglyphics from Greek to hieratic to hieroglyphics |
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New Kingdom |
Egyptian land taken over by Hyksos, when Egyptians regain control that marks beginning of New Kingdom |
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Coptic |
This is what Egyptians called themselves |
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Delta |
The mouth of a river (looks like letter delta and is no coincidence) |
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Menes |
According to ancient tradition this was kings name in Ancient Egypt... |
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Papyrus |
Long cylindrical reed and they developed paper with this |
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Akhenaten |
First Amenhotep the fourth was ruler in the new kingdom. Prohibited worship of gods except aten the sun god.... Lived in Egypt where it was hot. Monotheism. Changes his name to Akhenaten (notice aten was in the name |
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Bantu |
Originally from Subsahara, developed iron metallurgy. Spread out to accomodate numbers known as the Bantu migrations. Next to Niger River and lake Chad. Becomes dominant language. Literacy did not develop here but introduced by outsiders. Goats are main form of livestock, yams. Believed in single divine force- Nyamba: he created world, supernatural spirits came from Nyamba. Nyamba itself did not listen to prayers or interact. |
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Nyamba |
In Bantu culture believed in this- a single divine force, it created the world, supernatural spirits came from Nyamba. It itself did not listen to prayers or interact. |
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Dravidians |
People of South Asia who developed first civilizations were called Dravidians. |
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Harrappan Society |
*Harappa and Mohenjo-Dara* these cities were closely designed and planned. We know this because there are grids, streets at 90 angles, sewage system |
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Aryans |
People coming (they are Indo-European) they are different races and they distinguish themselves from Dravidians who are much darker in skin color. |
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Sanskrit |
Sacred text in Hinduism. The more common text is Prakrit which can be branched out into Hindi, Urdu, Bengali |
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Vedas |
Different gods and goddesses #of different texts with Hinduism: first 4 texts: 1) Rig Veda, 2)Atharvaveda, 3)Yajurveda, 4)Samarveda
R.A.Y.S |
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Varna Jati System |
System that divides people into 4 casts. 1) Brahmin 2) Kshatriya 3) Vaishyas 4) Shudras Later introduced sub casts like Jati. There was 1000 sub casts |
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Untouchables |
Performed rules in society that were impure. They did the least desirable jobs in society. They did jobs that left them exposed to dangerous diseases. No one wants to come in contact with them, they are shunned and not even in the Varna Jati system. It wasn't until Ghandi came that he said we were all children of God |
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Brahman |
All living creatures (anything alive) are let of eternal spirit of the cosmos. In all living things there is Brahman |
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Samsara |
Reincarnation, depends on how you live your life. A cow is superior to humans. |
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Moksha |
This is when there is no more reincarnation. When you're permanently at one with the Brahman |
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Karma |
Universal law of cause and effect |
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Sati or suttee |
In Hindu faith body is cremated and deposited in Ganges river. High cast Hindus up until 19th century. If husband died, widow was supposed to join husband being cremated and she was to be alive Ritual emulation |
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Dharma |
Duty or responsibility to society (physical work obligation) sometimes good or bad decisions say whether you move up or down |
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Yellow river |
Abundant fresh water supply silk has yellow shade and that is why it is called yellow... Carries silk and nutrients down from mountain |
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Yangsho Society |
Neolithic Chinese culture (everything we know about this society is based on archaeology |
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Xia dynasty |
Believed by some to be purely legendary. No written records discovered. Within last couple of decades have found archaeological evidence. Chinese culture goes back to here. This was the first dynasty in Chinese history and it lasted 500 years. US history is 400 years |
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Shang dynasty |
Also contributed to culture of Chinese civilization. First surviving written records. The Bronze Age |
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Oracle bones |
First surviving literacy/literature
Throw bones of animals in fire and the cracks could tell the future. Wrote fortunes on there. |
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Zhou Dynasty |
Lasted 900 years. Ancestor Veneration (need more info) |
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Tian |
Usually translated as heaven . The aggregate collection of spirits of people who have died. No God or single spirit ruler. All of tian looks out for all or the whole interest of China |
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Mandate of Heaven |
Authority to govern China. Tian chooses a ruler or a ruler family. Emperor is then referred to as son of heaven |
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Zhou literature |
1) book of changes 2) book of literature 3) book of etiquette/rights 4) book of poetry/songs/odes |
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State of Chu |
Society that developed along the Yangzi river. One of more advanced culture but it was northern cultures of Zhou, Shang and Xia that prevailed and spread |
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Ancestor Veneration |
Hopes their ancestors will intercede on their behalf |
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Main Dietary Staple |
Corn for Central America Wheat for Europeans |
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Olmec |
Long gone by time Europeans arrived. We know 3 Olmec cities existed because of archaeology. Their cities gradually evaporated. Destroyed own cities. |
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Maya |
Most advanced civilization in Western Hemisphere. Never a Mayan empire. Always divided into city states. Always multiple kings. Big cities in order: kaminal juyu, Tikal, and Chichen Itza. Temple of great jaguar in Tikal. Great pyramid in Chichen Itza. Not taller but wider) We're warrior kings. Maya had best calendar (most accurate anywhere in world-17 seconds off from original calendar) advanced in math and astronomy. Developed concept of zero. Could predict lunar and solar eclipses. Polytheistic. Going on same time as the Persian and Roman Empire. Believed in blood telling-Mayan King would cut himself and give blood to please gods... Later human sacrifice. Natural disasters- hurricanes and earthquakes were reason civilization fell. Never conquered by someone else. After this they revert to primitive culture-Neolithic. |
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Teotihuacan |
First civilization in valley of Mexico. Not hot and humid, flat land/valley in mountains that everybody wanted. Pyramid of sun was largest man made structure until Europeans arrived. Existed around same time as Mayans. Trade with Mayans. Culture from Olmec, like the Mayans. They didn't last probably because of invasions from outsiders who wanted land. Wore them down |
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Chavin Cult |
Religious culture, polytheistic. Emphasis was fertility of land and humans. Neolithic culture |
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Akkadian empire |
Worlds first empire that lasted 200 years |
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Midrash |
Hebrew stories known as ancient tradition that mixes fact and fiction |
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Synagogue |
New place of worship created by Jewish people. Not a temple. Temple can only be on sacred ground. No sacrifices. |
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Kosher dietary laws |
Strict dietary laws to eat certain things |
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Diasporah |
Dispersion of Jews after Babylonian invasion |
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Lapita |
Originally from soloman islands Ate seafood, they fished Moved further to pacific Later reached Fuji, Tonga, Samoa |
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Oracle of Delphi |
Cave with fumes coming out of ground that told future |
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Zoroastrianism |
Official religion of Persian empire. Around same time as Judaism and influenced Christianity and Islam. |
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Zoroastrianism |
Official religion of Persian empire. Around same time as Judaism and influenced Christianity and Islam. Ahurah Mazda-good spirit Angra Mainyu -evil spirit There were more gods but these were two major ones |
