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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Weakness of the League- Veto power |
If one main power disagrees with a decision they can veto it |
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League weakness- Membership |
Since USA Russia, and Germant were not a part of the League, the League were nog ad powerful and strong as they could be. Also the rules of the League only applied to members of the leauge |
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League weakness- Collective security |
Collective security didnt work because again they didnt have an army and why would countries want to fight a war they play no part in. Theoretically a good idea |
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League Weakness- Tension Between Britain and France |
Since Britain snd France wrre some of the biggest powers they had a lot of influence and power. If they couldnt agree then they would get nowhere |
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League Weakness - Treaty of Versailles |
A lot of people didnt agree with the treaty of Versailles at the time and since the league was created based on the treaty and to enforce those rules many people didnt like the league |
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League Weakness - No Army |
They had no army to enforce anything. Who's gonna supply the money, arms, and troops? Who is gonna lead it? |
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League Success - Aaland Islands |
Rival claims of sweden and Finland to the Aaland islands in the Baltic sea Most of the islanders wanted to be ruled by sweden The league investigated and awarded the islands to Finland but with safeguards for the islanders including demilitarisation Sweeden accepted judgement |
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League Success - Upper Silesia |
Contained valuable industrial area Located on the boreder between germany and poland Orginally granted to Polanf by the draft of TOV Germans protested and it was agreed to hold a plebiscite in the region Overall votes went to Germany but in some rural parts there was a clear majority favour to poland The league suggested a partition as a result of riots and protesrs Easter upper Silesia went to Polanf Western Upper Silesia went to Germany q |
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League Success- Mosul 1924 |
In 1924 Turkey claimef the Kurdish populated province of Mosul which was the part the British mandated territory of Iraq League investigated the problem and made an award in favour of Iraq Turkey accepted judgement |
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League Success - Bulgaria 1925 |
In South- eastern Europe, Greece aas ordered to pat 45,000 pounds in compensation after its invasion of Bulgarian territory This was judged a disaproportiante response to a shooting incident on the shared border in which Greek sentry was killed in an exchange of fire Greece accepted the fuling yet felt it was unfair |
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League Success- Health Organisation |
Establishes links with non member countries (e.g Germany, Soviet Russia and the USA) to provide an information service, technical assistance and advice on public health matters Success of the organisation later demonstrates when, after the demise of the League, it became the World Health Organisation affiliated to the United Nations |
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League Success - International Labour Organisation |
Main objective was to bring about a general improvement in working conditions Eg the 8 hour work days, 48 hours working wrek, annual holidays with pay, right to join trade unions and a minimum employment age Us: some employers were denyjng their employees the right to join trade unions until well into the 1930s It became increasingly difficult for members states to ignore the existence of enlightened work practices with regard to working hours, minimum wages, sickness, anf unemployment insurance and pensions |
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League Success - Slavery Commission |
Main goal to stamp out slavery and slave dealing together with other exploitative practices such as prostitution Countries like Iraq, Jordan and Nepal abolished slavery altogether Success was far from universal and the continued existence of slave trading was acknowledged in the commissions repoty for the 1937 while the 'white slave' tragfic remains a serious social problem even in advanced countries in the 20th century. |
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League Success - Refugee Organisation |
Faced problem former WW1 prisoners of wat stranded mainly in Soviet Russia, Poland, France, Germany, and Turkey Norwegian explorer and scientist, Fridtjat Nansen, was given the responsibility of devising a solution to the challenge Nansem and his staff worked alongside the Red Cross and helped 425,000 displaced persons either return to their homes or find new homes between 1920-1922 |
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The Great Depression 1929-1934 |
Business activites (buying, selling, producing, working) almost completely stopped. Businesses went bankrupt, people lost their jobs, goods are repossessed. People get desperate amd lose their confidence. Governments and politicians put under extremem pressure to find solutions. |
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lol |
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Why did people turn to Mussolini in the early 1920s? |
Some peopld turned to Mussolinebbecause they felt mistreated by the TOV as they didnt feel like theu didnt get all the land they deserved |
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Mussolini needed to look for increased power and important elsewhere |
Fascist national pride and strength Dreams of a new roman empire Increased resources and markets Increased territory for Italion population |
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WHy was Abyssinia an east target? |
Italy already had control over the land on either side of Abyssinia making it easy to invade it Located next 2 Italian colonies "Unclaimed" territory in Africa Failed to conquer the area in 1896 (wantes revenge) Return to a Roman Empire in North Africa Believed there were oid deposits Stresa Front Accords concede Abysinnia within the Italian sphere of influence
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Abysinia Crisis |
The Abyssinia Crisis was an international crisis in 1935 originating in what was called the Walwalincident in the then-ongoing conflict between the Kingdom of Italy and the Empire of Ethiopia (then commonly known as "Abyssinia"). The League of Nations ruled against Italy and voted for economic sanctions, but they were never fully applied. Italy ignored the sanctions, quit the League, made special deals with Britain and France and ultimately established control of Abyssinia. The crisis discredited the League and moved Fascist Italy closer to an alliance with Nazi Germany. |
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Anschluss - 1934 |
Abortive attempt at anschluss after Mussoline massed Italian troops on the Austrian border |
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Anschluss 1936 |
Austrian - German agreement where Germany agreed not to intervene in Austria and allowed Austrian Nazis to enter thr government. This development undermined Austrian independence as the Austrian Nazis were under German control |
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Anschluss 1937 |
Germany and Italy had grown closer - Rome - Berlin Axis |
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Anschluss early 1938 |
France was in the midded of a crisis as the government had collapsed on 10th march - two days before Hitler marched into Austria. Anthony Eden, the british foreign secretary had just resigned Public opinion in brit + franc was that Hitler could not be prevented from swallowing up Austria in the near future Itlay engaged in the Spanish civil war, had indicared that it wouldnt interven nor object to the Anschluss |
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Did Hitler succeed Anschluss |
Yes, in 1938 Hitler had achieved anschluss with Austria |
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Czechoslovakia Crisis - Reasons to take over czech |
Germany has more people so they nedd more land Destroy the peace settlements after the war Wants to clense Czechoslovakia of all 'subhumans' German unification Czechoslovakia had lots of factories, Hitler wants more resources |
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Hosshach Memorandom |
Summary of a meeting between Hitler and his military and foreign policy leadership in Berlin on the 5th Nocember 1937 Hitlers future expansions where outlined In hitlers view the German economy had reached such a state of crisis that the only way to stop such drastic falls in living standard's was to embark on a policy of agression sooner rather than later to provide sufficient lebensruam by seizing austria and czech. |
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Hitlers Foreign Policy |
Break,weaken,adjust the TOV Unite all Germans into one reich Expand eastwards to achiece Lebensruam |
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List events from 1930-1936 |
1930- Grest Depression 1931-1933 = Japanese conquest of Manchuria 1933-44 = World Disarmament Conference 1934- German- Polis non aggression pact January 1935- Plebiscite in Saarland March 1935- Germany announces it is re-arming April 1935- Stresa front May 1935 - French- soviet pact June 1935- Italian invadion of Abysinia 1936-1939=Spanish civil war March 1936- German occupation of Rhineland October 1936- Rome-Britain axis |
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Events 1937-1939 |
1937-1945= Japanese invadion of China 1938- Sudeten crisis and Munich conference October 1938 - German occupation of the Sudentenland March 1939- German invadion Czechoslovakia March 1939- pact of steel August 1939- Nazi-soviet pact 1 sept 1939- German invasion of Poland 3rd sept 1939- Britain France declare war on Germany 17th spet - Ussr invade poland |
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Stresa Front |
Britain, France, Italy promise to uphold TOV and locarno. Aimed at stopping germany breaking these treaties. Fails because Italy sees that Britain will act in their own self interest - Naval treaty anf becaude of the invasion of Abysinnia |
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Franco- Soviet Pact pf Mutual Assistance |
Designed to threaten Germant with encirclement, but it is hollow in terms if being an actual milatary commitment |
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Rome - Berlin Axis |
Agreed on the independence of Austria, which had caused tension in 1934 when Hitler first attempt Anschluss |
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Pact of Steel |
Military alliance between Italy and Germany. In effect until 1943 when facist government is overthrown |
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Anglo - German Naval Treaty |
Britain let Germany have a navy as long as it was weaker than Britains, this broke/revised the TOV |
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Weimar Germany in its Infancy |
After WW1 Germany was basically bankrupt 1916-1917 winter had declining living standards and military situation starred effecting everyday lives Food and feul became a shortahe Starvation and hypothermia killed lots of people Infant morality raised by 50% Flu epidemic killed lots Inflation meant workers worked longer hours and wages rose by 50-75% |
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Events from October 1918- Decmeber 1918 |
Armistice signed = 11th Sept Sailors at keil refused to pit sea to fight the British. Germany decended into chaos = 28th October Government in Berlin lost control, couldnt stop civilians and soliders seizing power Mutineers seized control of prots of rostock, cuxhaven and Lübeck = 4-6 November Kaiser fled to Hollond and never returned = 10th November |
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The Sparticist Revolution |
1) chaos in germanys government councides with workers councils (mostly socialists) forming in its major cities 2) Friedricb Ebert, leader of Social Democratic party becomes acting Chancellor 3) Extreme socialist opposed early electiond for a nation assembly: they believed the power would pass from the workers councils to the bourgeoisie 4) January 4-15 1919= karl Liebkneck and Rosa Lexemburg lead the Sparticists in a revolt in Berlin. Attempted to overthrow the government 5) Ebert relied upon Friekorps, mostly right wing to put down the uprising. 100 Sparticists were killed, including Liebknecht and Luxemburg 6) The sparticits saw this as class betrayel. Socialist Ebert had tunred to a right winged militsry group to lerush a socialist uprising |
