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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four layers of the GI tract from outer to inner?
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Adventitia (for esophagus and most of duodenum)
Serosa (rest of GI tract) Muscularis externa Submucosa Mucosa |
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What are the three layers of the mucosa?
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Epithelium
Lamina propria Muscularis mucosa |
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Describe the epithelium.
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Can be stratified squamous (oral, oropharynx, esophagus, anal anal)
Simple columnar (stomach, intestines, rectum) Functions as a selectively permeable barrier Transportation, digestion, absorption Produce hormones |
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Describe the lamina propria.
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Loose connective tissue layer
May contain mucosal glands May contain lymphoid tissue and lymphoid nodules |
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Describe muscularis mucosa.
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Thin smooth muscle layer
Moves independent of mucosa Increases contact area with food Propel and mix food in GI tract |
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Describe the submucosa.
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Dense irregular connective tissue
May contain glands May contain nerves *Submucosal (Meissner's) plexus |
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What are the two layers of the muscularis externa?
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Inner circular layer
Outer longitudinal layer *Myenteric plexus (Aurbach's) |
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Describe the serosa.
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Within peritoneal cavitiy
Loose connective tissue Simple squamous Blood vessels, nerves, and adipose tissue |
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Describe the adventita.
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Outside peritoneal cavity
Binds to the body wall Loose connective tissue Blood vessels and nerves |
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What are the two plexuses for autonomic innervation of the GI tract?
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Meissner's plexus (submucosal)
Aurbach's plexus (myenteric) |
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What does Meissner's plexus do?
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Found in submucosa
Innervates smooth muscle of muscularis mucosa and blood vessels Innervates secretory epithelial cells and glands of lamina propria |
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What does Aurbach's plexus do?
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Between inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of muscularis externa
Innervates smooth muscle of muscularis externa, producing peristalsis |
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What are the three parts of the esophagus?
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Cervical
Thoracic Abdominal |
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Describe the mucosa of the esophagus.
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Epithelium: Non keratinized
Lamina propria: esophageal cardiac glands Muscularis mucosa: discontinuous |
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What does the submucosa of the esophagus contain?
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Mucus secreting glands
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What is unique about the muscularis externa of the esophagus?
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The superior third is skeletal muscle
The middle third is mixed The inferior third is smooth muscle |
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T or F: The esophagus has adventitia in the abdomen and serosa in the thorax.
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False
Serosa in abdomen and adventitia in thorax |
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What are the regions of the stomach?
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Fundus/body
Pyloric region Cardiac region |
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What are the gastric rugae and what is their purpose?
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Gastric folds
Allows the stomach to expand without increasing pressure |
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What are the three types of glands found in the stomach?
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Cardiac
Pyloric Gastric |
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What type of cells are found in the cardiac glands and pyloric glands?
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Mucous secreting cells
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What type of cells are found in the gastric glands?
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Surface mucous cells
Mucous neck cells Parietal cells Chief cells Stem cells Enteroendocrine cells |
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What do parietal cells do?
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Secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
Characterized by mitochondria!!! Lighter staining |
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What do chief cells do?
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Secrete pepsinogen
Characterized by zymogen granules! Darker staining |
