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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The glycoccalyx of the cell membrane is concerned primarily with...
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protection and cell recognition
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In bulk transport...
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endocytosis results in the formation of a phagosome
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Barr body...
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inactive X chromosome
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Within mitochondria, elementary particles...
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contain enzymes for oxidative phosphorylation
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In the Golgi...
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secretory vesicles depart from the maturing face
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During a root canal, you notice an unusual mass adjacent to the tooth root, remove mass and submit it for a biopsy b/c you suspect the mass may be of neural origin, you request which of the following special immunohistochemical stains for confirmation?
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neurofilament protein
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Most hypertrophy of the cell occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?
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G1
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Tetrad formation occurs during which phase of meiosis?
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Prophase 1
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During apoptosis, shrinkage of the nucleus is known as:
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pyknosis
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Which of the following is most consistent with anemia due to severe blood loss?
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reticulocytosis
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Gelatinase is present in the tertiary granules of:
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neutrophils
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While on a picnic, you are stung by a bee and within the next half hour begin to experience difficulty breathing. This anaphylactic rxn is a result of:
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SRS from basophils
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Lymphocytes which specialize in the production of antibodies are:
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plasma cells (pregnant w/anitbody)
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During erythropoieses:
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late normoblasts are typically orthochromatic
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During nemopoiesis:
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5 classes of unipotential
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Which of the following cell jxs is formed by the fusion of a circumferential band of cell memb b/t cells?
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zonula occludens
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most gland secrete only their cell products w/out any cytoplasm- this is known as _____ secretion
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meorcrine
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In smooth muscle myosin binding is controlled by:
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calmodulin
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atrioventricular valves are anchored to the wall of the heart by thin strands of CT referred to as:
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chordae tendineae
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nissl susbstance with in neurons represents:
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rER
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parasympathetic, post-synaptic neuron cell bodies are located:
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near the effector organ
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what type of neuroglial cell is responsible for myelination w/in the CNS?
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oligodendrocyte
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during nerve damage and repair:
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anterograde degeneration is due to an interruption of axonal transport
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What are the five basic tissues?
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blood, connective tissue, epithelium, muscle, and nervous
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What are parenchyma cells?
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functionally specialized cells
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What are stroma cells?
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less specialized supporting tissue
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What does connective tissue do?
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surrounds and supports other tissues (structurally, metabolically, or both)
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What does epithelium tissue do?
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covers body surfaces and cavities (internal and external)
ex: gut lining, skin, glands |
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What is nervous tissue?
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modified cell collection responible for communication and coordination
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What is nervous tissue made of?
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neurons and glial cells
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Communication can be both...
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electrical and chemical
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What are organs?
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anatomically discrete collections of tissue that perform specific functions
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What is hematoxylin?
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a dark blue basic dye that stains acids
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What is eosin?
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bright red, acidic dye that stains bases
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What is the plasma memebrane/plasmalemma?
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semipermeable phospholipid bilayer
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What does amphoteric mean?
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both hydrophilic and hydrophobic qualities
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What accounts for the membranes trilaminar appearance on EM?
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hydophilic outer layers are seen as separate entities, as well as the inner hyrophobic layer
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What is the function of the plasma membrane?
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transfer of nutrients and metabolites, attachment to adj cells, and cell-cell comm.
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What increases fulidity/flexibility?
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the presence of unsaturated f.a., which prevent close packing
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What helps to regulate fluidity and stabilizes the membrane?
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Cholesterol, present in an almost 1:1 ratio
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Why does Cholesterol regulate fluidity and stabilize the membrane?
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it is amphipathis and has a kinked conformation, preventing the overpacking of f.a. tails
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Increasing cholesterol increases or decreases fluidity?
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decreases
it fills the gaps btwn the kinks of the ufas |
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What makes up almost half of the total membrane mass?
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proteins embedded in the bilayer
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What are extrinsic proteins?
aka peripheral |
on the outside, some span the entire thickmess (transmural/transmembrane), held in place by hydrophobic central zone, many times have pores/channels for usu hydrophilic molecs.
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What are integral proteins?
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embedded in phospholipid bilayer
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What do pumps do?
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transport ions across membrane
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What is an example of a pump?
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ex: Na/Cl pump: transmembrane protein complex that exchanges a Na for a K ion across the membrane
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What are channels?
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allow passage of small molecules via diffusion
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What increases fulidity/flexibility?
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the presence of unsaturated f.a., which prevent close packing
|
|
What helps to regulate fluidity and stabilizes the membrane?
|
Cholesterol, present in an almost 1:1 ratio
|
|
Why does Cholesterol regulate fluidity and stabilize the membrane?
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it is amphipathis and has a kinked conformation, preventing the overpacking of f.a. tails
|
|
Increasing cholesterol increases or decreases fluidity?
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decreases
it fills the gaps btwn the kinks of the ufas |
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What makes up almost half of the total membrane mass?
|
proteins embedded in the bilayer
|
|
What are extrinsic proteins?
aka peripheral |
on the outside, some span the entire thickmess (transmural/transmembrane), held in place by hydrophobic central zone, many times have pores/channels for usu hydrophilic molecs.
|
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What are integral proteins?
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embedded in phospholipid bilayer
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What do pumps do?
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transport ions across membrane
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What is an example of a pump?
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ex: Na/Cl pump: transmembrane protein complex that exchanges a Na for a K ion across the membrane
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What are channels?
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allow passage of small molecules via diffusion
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