Histology Bone

Front 1

Rigid form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is impegnated with inorganic salts, mainly calcium phosphate and carbonate that provides hardness.

Back 1

Bone

Front 2

Hard dense material that apears to have uniforn smooth texture with no obvious spaces in it.

Back 2

Compact bone

Front 3

Entire outer surface of bone is covered by a membrane calked

Back 3

Periosteum

Front 4

Wall of the marrow cavity is lined by a membrane called

Back 4

Endosteum

Front 5

At the bone ends , marrow is ___in color

Back 5

Red

Front 6

In shaft of an adult, the marrow is

Back 6

Yellow

Front 7

In bones of fetus or of a young child, the entire bone marrow is

Back 7

Red

Front 8

Only parts of bone surface devoid of peiosteum are those that are covered with ____

Back 8

Articular cartilage

Front 9

Periosteun consist of 2 layers which are

Back 9

Outer- fibrous

Inner- cellular

Front 10

In young bones inner layer of periosteum is called

Back 10

Osteogenic layer

Front 11

Provides medium through which muscles, tendons, ligaments are attached to bone

Back 11

Peiosteum

Front 12

Because of blood vessels passing periosteun into bone, periosteum performs____ function

Back 12

Nutritive

Front 13

Due to presence of ____ cells in its deeper layer periosteum can form when bone is required

Back 13

Osteoprogenitor cells

Front 14

Aka limiting membrane, prevents bone tissue from spilling out into neighboring tissues

Back 14

Fibrous layer of periosteum

Front 15

Bone projections frequently seeb on bones of old persons.

Back 15

Exostoses

Front 16

Mature bone cells

Back 16

Osteocytes

Front 17

Bone producing cells

Back 17

Osteoblast

Front 18

Bone removing cells

Back 18

Osteoclast

Front 19

From which osteoblasts and osteocytes are derived

Back 19

Osteoprogenitor cells

Front 20

Stem cells of mesenchymal origin that can proliferate and convert themselves into osteoblasts whenever there is a need for bone formation.

Back 20

Osteoprogenitor cells

Front 21

Lines growing surfaces of bone, sometimes giving an epithelium-like appearance

Back 21

Osteoblasts

Front 22

Responsible for laying down the organic matrix of bone

Back 22

Osteoblast

Front 23

Substance responsible for calcification of matrix

Back 23

Alkaline phosphatase

Front 24

Cells present in greatest numbers in young bone

Back 24

Osteocytes

Front 25

Functions of osteocytes:

Back 25

-Maintain integrity of lacunae and canaliculi and thus keep open channels for diffusion of nutrition through bone

-play role in removal or deposition of matrix and of calcium when required

Front 26

At sites of bone resorption the surface of an osteoclast shows many folds that are described as a

Back 26

ruffled membrane

Front 27

Removal of bone by osteoclasts involves

Back 27

1) dimineralisation

2) removal of matrix

Front 28

Bone removal can be stimulated by

Back 28

Factors secreted by

-Osteoblast

- macrophages

-lymphocytes

-PTH

Front 29

Consists of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and water

Back 29

Ground substance

Front 30

Collagen fibers of bone are synthesized by

Back 30

osteoblasts

Front 31

Term applied to the mixture of organic ground substance and collagen fibers before it is mineralized

Back 31

Osteoid

Front 32

Needle shaped crystal that contribute to lamellar appearance of bone

Back 32

hydroxyapatite

Front 33

Thin plate of bone consisting of collagen fibers and mineral salts that are deposited in a gelatinous ground substance.

Back 33

Lamellar bone

Front 34

Fine canals that communicate with those from other lacunae

Back 34

Canaliculi

Front 35

Newly formed bone does not have lamellar structure

T or F

Back 35

True

Front 36

Interlacing of fiber bundles

Back 36

Woven bone

Front 37

Meshwork of boney plates or rods

Back 37

Trabeculae

Front 38

Enclise wide spaces that are filled in by bone marrow

Back 38

Trabeculae

Front 39

Concentric lamellae forms

Back 39

Haversian systen

Front 40

_____ canaliculi of osteon do not communicate with those of neighboring osteons: they form loops and turn back into their own osteon

Back 40

Peripheral canaliculi

Front 41

All bones are of ____ origin

Back 41

Mesodermal

Front 42

Process of bone formation is called

Back 42

Ossification

Front 43

Bone preceded by formation of cartilaginous model

Back 43

Endochondral Ossification

Front 44

Bones formed theough endochondral ossification is called

Back 44

Cartilage bones

Front 45

Bone is laid down directly in a fibrous membrane

Back 45

Intramembranous membrane

Front 46

Bones formed through intramembranous ossification is called

Back 46

Membrane bones

Front 47

Mass of swollen fibres and matrix

Back 47

Osteoid

Front 48

First formed haversian system are called

Back 48

Atypical haversian systems or primary osteons

Front 49

Represents line at which the process of bone erosion stoos and at which bone formation begins

Back 49

Cement line

Front 50

New bone over existing bone

Back 50

Apposition

Front 51

Portion of bone formed from one secondary centre is called

Back 51

Epiphysis

Front 52

Where cells are small and irregularly arranged

Back 52

Zone of resting cartilage

Front 53

Thiss zone the cells are larger and undergo repeated mitosis

Back 53

Zone of proliferating cartilage/ zone of cartilage growth

Front 54

In this zone cells still become larger and matrix become CALCIFIED

Back 54

Zone of calcification

Front 55

Region of active bone formation and is highly vascular

Back 55

Metaphysis

Front 56

Calcium turniver is most active in

Back 56

Metaohysis

Front 57

Store house of calcium

Back 57

Metaohysis

Front 58

Frequent site of infection bcoz blood vessels show hairpin bends and blood flow is sluggish

Back 58

Metaphysis