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138 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the 3 tissue types of Muscle Tissue?
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•Skeletal Muscle
•Cardiac Muscle •Smooth Muscle |
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Skeletal Muscle
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Attached to skeletal system (bone)
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Functions of Skeletal System:
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•Maintain body temperature
•Stores nutrient reserves •Protection |
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Skeletal Muscle Structures are ?
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•Muscle Tissue
•Connective Tissue •Nerves •Blood Vessels |
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Muscle Tissue is also referred to as?
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Muscle Cells or Muscle Fibers
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3 layers of the connective tissue in the skeletal system are:
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•Epimysium
•Perimysium •Endomysium |
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Epimysium
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Exterior collagen later that separates muscle from surrounding tissues
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Perimysium
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Surrounds muscle fiber bundles
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(Fascicles)
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Endomysium
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Surrounds individual muscle cells
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(Muscle Fibers)
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When does Endomysium, Perimysium, and Epimysium come together ?
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At ends of muscles to form connective tissue attachment to bone matrix
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-Tendon (bundle)
-Aponeurosis (sheet) |
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Muscle Fascicle
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Bundle of muscle fibers (muscle cells)
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Sarcolemma
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Cell membrane of muscle fiber
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Sarcoplasm
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Cytoplasm of muscle fiber
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Skeletal Muscle Fiber
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Skeleton muscle cell
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Transverse Tubules (T-tubules)
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•Filled with extracellular fluid
•Transmit action potential through the cell |
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Myofibrils
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Encircled with T-tubules & Compose the bundles of protein filaments (myofilaments)
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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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Surrounds each myofobril, and is similar to Smooth Er
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What does Sarcoplasmic Reticulum form?
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Terminal Cisternae
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Triad
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Formed by 1 T-tubule and 2 terminal cisternae
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What are Myofilaments responsible for?
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Muscle Contraction
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Thin Filaments
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Actin
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Thick Filaments
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Myosin
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Sarcomeres
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The repeating functional units myofilaments are organized into
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Sarcomere Organization:
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•Think/Thin Filament
•Stabilizing proteins •Proteins that regulate the interaction between thick and thin filament |
There are 4
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A band
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The length of thick filament
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dArk band
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M line
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Center of a band; midline
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H zone
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In a resting muscle contains no thin filaments
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Zone of overlap
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Thin & thick filaments
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I band
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Contains only thin filament
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light band
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Z lines
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The centers of the "I" bands
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Titin
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Strands of proteins
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Muscle Striations
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A striped or striated pattern within myofibrils
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Muscular Dystrophy
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Condition that causes progressive muscular weakness and deterioration
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Fiche be Muscular Dystrophy
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Muscles damage repeated contract and relax with use; Muscle fibers weaken and die
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What are the 4 types of thin filament proteins?
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•F-actin (filamentous actin)
•Nebulin •Tropomyosin •Troponin |
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Filamentous Actin
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Two rows of twisted globular G-actin that contains active sites that bind to myosin (thick filament)
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Nebulin
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Holds F-actin together
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Tropomyosin
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Double stranded protein, that cover the active sites and prevents actin-myosin interaction
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Troponin contains 3 globular subunits, which are?
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•1 binds to Tropomyosin
•1 binds to G-actin •1 binds to Ca+2 |
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Myosin
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Interacts with actin filaments, forming cross-bridges
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Axon Terminal
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Contains vesicles filled with acetylcholine (ACh)
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Neurotra
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Chemical released by a neuron to change the membrane properties of another cell
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Synaptic Cleft
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Narrow space separates the axonterminal of the neuron from sarcolemma
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Junctional folds
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Increased surface area
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Motor End Plate contains:
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•Juntional Folds
•ACh receptors |
There are 2
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Acetylcholinesterase AChE
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Enzyme breaks down AChE, within synaptic cleft
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Steps of the Contraction Cycle:
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1) Exposure of active sites
2) Attachment of cross-bridges 3) Power stroke 4) Detachment of the cross-bridges 5) Recovery stroke |
There are 5
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Rigor Mortis
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Body becomes stiff, no circulation or oxygen to the muscles
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Death || Oxygen is needed for ATP
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The all-or-none principle
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A muscle fiber is either contracted or relaxed
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Tension of a single muscle fiber depends on?
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•The # of pivoting cross-bridges
•The fiber's resting length at the time of stimulation •The frequency of stimulation |
There are 3
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Tension of a single Muscle Fiber - Length ?
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Tension relationship
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Number of pivoting cross-bridges depends on:
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Amount of overlap between thick and thin fibers
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Optimum overlap produced greatest amount of tension:
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The maximum number of cross-bridges can form
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Highest tension
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Twitch
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Single stimulus-concentration-relaxation sequence in a muscular fiber
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3 phases of twitching are?
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•Latent Period
•Contraction Phase •Relaxation |
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Latent Period
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Before concentration, & Ca+2 is released (Lag Phase)
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Concentration Phase
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Calcium ions binds, tension builds to peak
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Relaxation
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Ca+2 levels fall, active sites are covered and tension falls to a resting
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Wave Summation
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Repeated stimulation's before the end of relaxation phase that causes increasing tension
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Incomplete Tetanus
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Stimulation continues and the muscle is never allowed to relax completely
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Complete Tetanus
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Increasing stimulation rate until the relaxation phase is eliminated. Ca+2 cannot be reclaimed
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Treppe
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Repeated stimulation immediately after relaxation phase that causes a series of concentration with increasing tension
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Stair-Step
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2 types of skeletal muscle tension:
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-Isotonic Contraction
-Isometric Cntraction |
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Isotonic Contraction
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Contraction in movement takes place
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2 types of Isotonic Contraction:
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•Concentric Contractions
•Eccentric Contractions |
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Concentric Contractions
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Muscle decreases in length against an opposing load
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Eccentric Contractions
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The muscle increases in length as it resist a load
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Isometric Contraction
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Contraction in which no movement takes place
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Creatine Phosphate (CP)
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The storage molecule for excess ATP energy and resting molecule
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ATP can be produced by ?
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•Aerobic Metabolism
•Anaerobic Glycolysis |
There are 2 ways
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Aerobic Metabolism
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Fatty acids in the mitochondria
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Anaerobic Glycolysis
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In the cytoplasm
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What type of connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers?
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Endomysium
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What type of connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers?
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Endomysium
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What is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called ?
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Sarcolemma
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What type of connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers?
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Endomysium
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What is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called ?
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Sarcolemma
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The thin myofilament is also known as the _______ myofilament.
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Actin
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What type of connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers?
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Endomysium
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What is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called ?
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Sarcolemma
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The thin myofilament is also known as the _______ myofilament.
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Actin
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Which molecule covers the active site on actin?
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Troponin
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What type of connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers?
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Endomysium
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What is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called ?
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Sarcolemma
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The thin myofilament is also known as the _______ myofilament.
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Actin
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Which molecule covers the active site on actin?
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Troponin
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The A band is made up of
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Actin and myosin
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What type of connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers?
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Endomysium
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What is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called ?
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Sarcolemma
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The thin myofilament is also known as the _______ myofilament.
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Actin
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Which molecule covers the active site on actin?
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Troponin
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The A band is made up of
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Actin and myosin
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The structural and fictional unit of skeletal muscle is the ...
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Sarcomere
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What type of connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers?
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Endomysium
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What is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called ?
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Sarcolemma
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The thin myofilament is also known as the _______ myofilament.
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Actin
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Which molecule covers the active site on actin?
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Troponin
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The A band is made up of
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Actin and myosin
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The structural and fictional unit of skeletal muscle is the ...
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Sarcomere
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The special movement of the thumb that enables it to grasp and hold an object is:
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Opposition
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What type of connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers?
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Endomysium
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What is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called ?
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Sarcolemma
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The thin myofilament is also known as the _______ myofilament.
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Actin
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Which molecule covers the active site on actin?
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Troponin
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The A band is made up of
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Actin and myosin
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The structural and fictional unit of skeletal muscle is the ...
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Sarcomere
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The special movement of the thumb that enables it to grasp and hold an object is:
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Opposition
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Which functional joint is freely movable?
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Diarthrosis
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What type of connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers?
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Endomysium
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What is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called ?
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Sarcolemma
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The thin myofilament is also known as the _______ myofilament.
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Actin
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Which molecule covers the active site on actin?
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Troponin
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The A band is made up of
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Actin and myosin
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The structural and fictional unit of skeletal muscle is the ...
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Sarcomere
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The special movement of the thumb that enables it to grasp and hold an object is:
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Opposition
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Which functional joint is freely movable?
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Diarthrosis
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What structures are found in the knee joint that help absorb shock in the joint?
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Menisci
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What type of connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers?
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Endomysium
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What is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called ?
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Sarcolemma
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The thin myofilament is also known as the _______ myofilament.
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Actin
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Which molecule covers the active site on actin?
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Troponin
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The A band is made up of
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Actin and myosin
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The structural and fictional unit of skeletal muscle is the ...
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Sarcomere
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The special movement of the thumb that enables it to grasp and hold an object is:
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Opposition
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Which functional joint is freely movable?
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Diarthrosis
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What structures are found in the knee joint that help absorb shock in the joint?
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Menisci
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Type of movement that results when the forearm rotates so that the palm faces anteriorly
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Supination
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What type of connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers?
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Endomysium
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Which type of joint is found between the root of a tooth and the mandible/maxillae
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Gomphosis
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What is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called ?
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Sarcolemma
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The thin myofilament is also known as the _______ myofilament.
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Actin
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Which molecule covers the active site on actin?
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Troponin
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The A band is made up of
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Actin and myosin
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The structural and fictional unit of skeletal muscle is the ...
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Sarcomere
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The special movement of the thumb that enables it to grasp and hold an object is:
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Opposition
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Which functional joint is freely movable?
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Diarthrosis
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What structures are found in the knee joint that help absorb shock in the joint?
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Menisci
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Type of movement that results when the forearm rotates so that the palm faces anteriorly
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Supination
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