Histology

Front 1

3 types of blood vessels?

Back 1

arteries, veins, capillaries

Front 2

Tunics surrounding blood vessels?

Back 2

tunica intima, media, & adventitia

Front 3

Tunica Intima

Back 3

Innermost layer, simple squamous epithelium, slick to prevent friction, internal elastic laminae here

Front 4

Tunica Media

Back 4

middle layer, thickest, smooth muscle and elastic fibers

Front 5

Tunica Adventitia

Back 5

Outermost layer, collagen, anchors vessels to CT

Front 6

Vasomotor fibers

Back 6

for vasodilation and vasoconstriction, in tunica media

Front 7

Vasa Vasorum

Back 7

vessels of vessels, supply nutrients to arteries and veins too thick for diffusion

Front 8

3 types of arteries (smallest to largest)

Back 8

1. arterioles
2. muscular arteries
3. elastic arteries

Front 9

Arterioles

Back 9

smallest, allows blood flow to capillaries

*bypass tissue when constricted

Front 10

Muscular arteries

Back 10

smooth muscle and some elastin, includes most of the named arteries

Front 11

Elastic arteries

Back 11

elastin, near heart, biggest, withstand and smooth out pressure

Front 12

3 types of capillaries

Back 12

1. continuous
2. fenestrated
3. sinusoidal

Front 13

Continuous capillaries

Back 13

no pores, in muscle/nervous and connective tissue

Front 14

Fenestrated capillaries

Back 14

pores with diaphragms, absorption, in pancreas, intestine & endocrine glands

Front 15

Sinusoidal capillaries

Back 15

pores w/o diaphragms, passage of large molecules, in bone marrow, liver, spleen, and endocrine organs

Front 16

proximal portion in central channel flow

Back 16

metarteriole

Front 17

distal portion in central channel flow

Back 17

thoroughfare channel

Front 18

arteriovenous anastomases flow

Back 18

when open, blood flows into capillary beds

when closed, blood bypasses capillary beds

*important for thermoregulation

Front 19

3 specialized sensory structures of blood vessels

Back 19

1. carotid sinuses (barometer)
2. carotid bodies (chemoreceptor)
3. aortic bodies (chemoreceptor)

Front 20

How are veins classified?

Back 20

based on wall thickness
1. small (venules)
2. medium (most)
3. large (vena cava is largest)

Front 21

Purpose of venous valves?

Back 21

to prevent backflow

found in the tunica intima of most medium veins

Front 22

Varicose veins

Back 22

enlarged superficial veins due to blood pooling because of loss of muscle tone typically in lower limbs

Front 23

3 layers of heart wall

Back 23

1. endocardium (innermost)
2. myocardium (middle)
3. pericardium (outer)

Front 24

Endocardium

Back 24

innersmost layer of heart wall, composed of endothelium, continuous w/ tunica intima

Front 25

Myocardium

Back 25

middle layer of heart wall, thickest layer, composed of cardiac muscle cells

Front 26

Pericardium

Back 26

outermost layer of heart wall, composed of 3 layers
1. epicardium (visceral pericardium)
2. pericardial space
3. parietal pericardium

Front 27

Two essential ingredients of metabolism?

Back 27

1. oxygen
2. organic molecules

Front 28

Components of the digestive system?

Back 28

1. alimentary canal (mouth to anus)
2. accessory organs (teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, & pancreas)

Front 29

4 layers of alimentary canal?

Back 29

1. mucosa
2. submucosa
3. muscuaris externa
4. serosa (adventitia in esophagus)

Front 30

6 actions of digestion

Back 30

1. ingestion
2. propulsion
3. mechanical digestion
4. chemical digestion
5. absorption
6. defacation

Front 31

Mucosa of oral cavity?

Back 31

1. masticatory mucosa (keratinized)
2. lining mucosa (nonkeratinized)
3. specialized mucosa (for tastebuds)

Front 32

3 Regions of lips

Back 32

1. skin (external)
2. vermillion zone
3. mucous aspect (internal)

Front 33

3 mineralized substances of teeth

Back 33

1. enamel
*hardest substance in body
2. dentin - bulk of tooth
3. cementum - overlies dentin of roots

Front 34

Periodontal ligament

Back 34

holds tooth in alveolus

Front 35

Alveolus

Back 35

bony socket for tooth

Front 36

Gingiva

Back 36

gums

Front 37

Palate

Back 37

separates oral from nasal cavity; composed of hard, soft, and uvulva

Front 38

Which lingual papillae contain no tastebuds?

Back 38

filiform papillae

Front 39

Taste sensations (5)

Back 39

1. sweet
2. salty
3. sour
4. bitter
5. umami (savory)

Front 40

Mucosal layers of esophagus

Back 40

1. epithelium
2. lamina propria
3. muscularis mucosa

Front 41

Hiatal hernia

Back 41

gap in diaphragm around esophagus that permits herniation of stomac into thoracic cage

-acid reflux

Front 42

Barrets esophagus

Back 42

epithelium goes from stratified squamous to simple columnar, initially due to reflux, premalignant condition

Front 43

Ghrelin

Back 43

hormone that induces hunger and relaxation of the stomach muscles

Front 44

Regions of fundic glands of stomach

Back 44

1. isthmus
2. neck
3. base
-found in lamina propria

Front 45

6 cell types of lamina propria

Back 45

1. surface cells
2. mucous neck cells
3. regenerative cells
4. parietal cells
5. chief cells
6. DNES