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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Resolution is:
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the smallest distance between two points in which they can be distinguished as two separate objects.
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Working distance for the light microscope is approximately _________
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0.25 uM
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Red blood cells are approximately __________.
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7.5 uM
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Most slides are routinely stained with a combination of 2 dyes:
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Hematoxylin and Eosin
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Hematoxylin is a _____________, ____________ in colour
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basophilic, blue-purple
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Tissue components that stain blue-purple are:
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DNA, RNA, heterochromatin, nucleoli, ribsomes
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Tissue components that stain pink-orange are:
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cytoplasm, mitochondria, secretory granules
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H&E slides are overstained for __________ and understained for ___________
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eosin, hematoxylin
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T/F The nucleolus is a membrane-bound structure
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false, non-membrane bound
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The nucleolus is the site of:
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ribosomal RNA synthesis
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____ chromosomes in most cells.
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46
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Active chromatin is called:
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Euchromatin
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Inactive chromatin is called:
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Heterochromatin
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This type of chromatin is condensed, contains Barr Bodies in females densely stained and very dark and basophillic.
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Heterochromatin
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T/F In a metabollically inactive cell, no nuclei are visible
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True
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During interphase, this type of chromain is lightly stained:
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Euchromatin
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DNA replication occurs during:
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S phase
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2N ---> 4N DNA occurs during
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Interphase - S phase
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A feature of prophase is:
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chromosomes are condensed, coiled and visible as dark threads
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Prophase ends with the disappearance of:
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the nuclear membrane and nucleolus
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The cell membrane is ______ thick
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7-10 nM
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Microfilaments are made of _________, also called thin filaments in muscle
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actin
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features of centrioles:
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rod shaped, 9 sets of triplets, 2 per cell
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Mitochondria is _______________
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Acidophilic
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Ribosomes are ____________
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Basophilic
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Ribosomes associated with the ER produce proteins for ________________
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external use
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RER is ________________
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basophillic
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T/F The lysosome has more than 100 enzymes
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True
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Lysosomal storage disease is due to:
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a lack of a particular enzyme
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Heterophagy is:
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the breakdown of materials brought into the cell by phagocytosis by fusion with primary lysosomes
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Autophagy is:
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the breakdown of intracellular materials by fusion with primary lysosomes
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T/F Epithelia contain nerve endings
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True
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T/F Epithelia contain blood and lymphatic vessels
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False
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Epithelia rests on ______________ usually with connective tissue underneath
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basal lamina
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Cells are _______________
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polarized
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T/F Epithelia is constantly being replaced by newly formed cells (mitosis)
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True
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Functions of epithelia:
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absorption, ion or gaseous exchange, secretion, protection, sensory, etc
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Epithelia can undergo _________________
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metaplasia - a change from one type of epithelium to another
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T/F Epithelia are closely attached to each other, closely adherent
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True
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Describe simple epithelium
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one layer (all in contact with the basal lamina)
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List the four types of simple epithelium:
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simple squamous
simple cuboidal simple columnar pseudostratified |
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Describe stratified epithelium
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more than one layer, classified according to shape of surface layer of cells
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List the five types of stratified epithelium
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-stratified squamous keratinized
-stratified squamous non-keratinized -transitional -stratified cuboidal -stratified columnar |
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Function of simple squamous epithelium is:
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for ion and gaseous exchange, diffusion, filtration
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Where are simple squamous cells located?
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air sacs of lungs (alveoli), lining of all blood and lymph vessles, Bowman's capsule of the kidney, thin loop of henle
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What is the function of simple cuboidal cells?
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secretion and absorption
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Where are simple cuboidal cells located?
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germinal epithelium of ovary, kidney tubules, lining of ducts of various glands, bile ducts, bronchioles
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What is the function of columnar epithelial cells?
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secretion, absorptioin
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Where are simple columnar cells found?
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uterus, uterine tube, stomach, intestines, gall bladder, part of cervix
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What is the function of pseudostratified columnar cells?
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secretion and absorption
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Where are pseudostratified columnar cells found?
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respiratory passages, male reproductive system, some of male urethra
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What is the function of stratified squamous keratonized and non-keratinized cells?
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protection
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Where is stratified squamous keratinized found?
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skin (epidermis)
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Where are stratified squamous nonkeratinized cells found?
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oral cavity, esophagus, vagina, cornea, portions of cervix, nasal cavity, urethra, rectum
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Describe the structure of basal lamina
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tough, acellular, fibrous sheet underlying the epithelium
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Basal lamina contains:
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collagen (Type IV)
proteoglycans glycoproteins (laminin, entactin) |
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Functions of the basal lamina:
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a) structural attachment and support
b) permeability barrier, filtration c) helps determine cell polarity, differentiation and metabolism d) guide or scaffold during regeneration after injury |
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Benign tumors are:
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localized overgrowths in the area they arise
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Malignant tumors:
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invade adjacent tissues and spread (metastasize) to distant sites.
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In order to metastasize, cells lose their cell to cell adhesions and then penetrate the _________________ to reach the underlying connective tissue.
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basal lamina
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Cilia are motile processes composed of ________________
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microtubules
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________________ are non-motile projections to increase available surface area, usually for absorption
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microvilli
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Microvilli are composed of:
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microfilaments
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Tight junctions (zona occludens) completely ____________________ the cell
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encircle
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Blood brain barrier is made up of __________________
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tight junctions
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Gap junction (macula communicans)permit flow of small molecules from cell to cell, links cells ________________ and _____________________
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ionically and electronically
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