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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which of the granuolcytes is similar to mast cells?
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basophils- they release histamine and cause type 1 rxn's
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What do monocytes do?
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they wall off Tb, leading to granulomas seen in CXR
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what are neutrophils common in? Lymphocytes? functions of eosinophils?
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bacterial infections. viral infections. destroy parasites and allergies
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What is retrograde degen? Orthograde?
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damage of optic nerve will damage axons leading to the ganglion cell layer in the retina. PRP in diabetics can cause a pale ON because of orthrograde degen.
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outer layer of the skin?
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corneum, which is in the epidermis.
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why do albinos lack melanin?
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tyrosinase problem
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what are the pain receptors in the cornea called?
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nocioreceptors
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what layer does SCC affect?
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spinosum
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where is the 1st location for gas exchange?
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respiratory bronchioles
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where does absorption of ADEK occur?
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small intestine
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Portal triad consists of? their functions?
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hepatic artery (brings o2 from heart), portal vein (brings nutrients from GI) and bile duct (takes bile to gall bladder)
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what occurs in the nucleus? cytoplasm? smooth ER?
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replication and transcription. translation. drug detox
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what kind of gland is meibomian? Moll? goblet cells? main lac. gland?
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holocrine. apocrine. apocrine. merocrine
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in the pancreas, what cells create what? it's endrocrine functions? exocrine?
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beta- insulin. alpha-glucagon. hormones. digestive enzymes.
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TSH levels in graves?
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reduced
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what cells does PTH activate? what hormone opposes PTH and how? where is it created?
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osteoclasts. calcitonin by inibitng osteoclasts. thyroid
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what does the adr. cortex make? the medulla?
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aldost, cortisol, androgens. epineph and norepi
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Go Fast Reggie means what? their secretions?
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in the adrenal cortex, outer to inner layers are glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis. salt, sugar, sex.
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what is the anterior pituitary an outgrowth of? the post. pit?
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roof of the mouth. hypothalamus
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what 2 hormones are stored in the post. pit? where are they produced?
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adh and oxytocin. hypothalamus
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what layer does mesenchyme come from?
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mesoderm
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what do mast cells release?
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histamine
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functions of histamine?
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vasodilation, smooth muscle constriction, bronchoconstriction
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what are proteoglycans composed of?
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GAG w/ protein
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hy acid increases or decreases w/ age?
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increases
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what % of blood is plasma? what is in plasma besides water?
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55%. complement proteins and albumin
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what does BEN stand for? what are basophils similar to? they contribute to?
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the granulocytes. mast cells. anaph. shock
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functions of eosionphils?
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allergies, parasites
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functions of neutrophils?
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macrophages in bacterial infections
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what leads to granulomas on CXR in Tb?
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monocytes
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functions of lymphocytes?
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viral infections
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what kind of degen can PRP cause? this is also known as?
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orthograde degeneration. anterograde
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what kind of degen can a pituitary tumor lead to?
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retrograde degen
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which neurons cannot regen, CNS or PNS?
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CNS.
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what is increasing in melanoma?
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-cytes, not -somes
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why does albinism occur?
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tyrosinase problem
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ddx type 1 and 2 pneumocytes.
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1-gas exchange. 2-surfactant
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what is needed to absorb Vit B12? what can lack of this lead to? what is unique about this? what cells produce intrinsic factor?
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intrinsic factor. pernicious anemia. most common vit deficiency seen worldwide. parietal cells
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major location for nutrient absorption? most active part of this?
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small int. jejunum
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metformin's moa?
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decreases liver gluconeogenesis
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