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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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From what germ layer does the lining of GI tract derive?
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endoderm
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What are the histological layers of the GI tract?
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1) Mucosal
2) Submucosal 3) Muscularis externa 4) Adventitia |
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What are the 3 layers of the mucosa, the most interior layer of the tunics?
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1) Innermost epithelium
2) Lamina propria (loose CT) 3) Muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle, not always present) |
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Diffuse and nodular lymphoid tissue are present in which layer?
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Lamina propria
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What direction does the muscularis mucosae muscle run?
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Longitudinally (mostly)
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From what plexus do the post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers that innervate the muscular mucosa originate?
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Meissners
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Where is the thickness of muscularis mucosae greatest?
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esophagus
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What is the major nerve plexus innervating smooth muscle?
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meissner's
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In which parts of the GI tract are there submucosal glands?
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Esophagus and duodenum only
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What is the difference in a serosa and adventitia?
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Adventitia: does <b>not</b> protrude into peritoneal cavity
Serosa: protrudes in peritoneal, associated with mesentery |
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What are the layers of the muscularis externa?
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Usually a longitudinal (outer) and circular (inner) layer, at 90 degrees to each other
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From what plexus are post-ganglionic fibers of the muscularis externa originating?
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Auerbach's
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What type of cell layer is the visceral peritoneum?
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Simple squamous
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Which organ is characterized by a thick mucosa lined with a surface sheet gland?
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Stomach
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What distinguishes the duodenum?
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Glands of Brunner
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What are the taeniae coli?
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Three longitudinal strips of outer muscularis externa in large intestine
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What epithelium is the mucosa of esophagus lined with?
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Stratified squamous moist epithelium
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What are the two plexi that innervate smooth muscle of esophagus?
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meissner's and auerbach's
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What type of glands are in esophagus? And in what layer?
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In submucosa, compound tubuloacinar, called esophageal glands proper; secrete mucus
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What is the muscle in the upper 1/3 of esophagus? What innervates it?
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Skeletal muscle - spinal nerves
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What is the muscle in the middle 1/3 of esophagus?
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mix of skeletal and muscle muscle
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What is the muscle in the lower 1/3 of esophagus?
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only smooth muscle. When it hits stomach is forms "physiological sphincter" that prevents regurgitation
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What is Barrett's esophagus?
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Barrett's esophagus is a disorder in which the lining of the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach) is damaged by stomach acid.
normal squamous epithelium lining of the esophagus is replaced by metaplastic columnar epithelium. No mucosa anymore. Higher chance of cancer. Causes pain |
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What happens at gastroesophageal junction?
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There is a drastic change from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar
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What do the gastric pits lead to?
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Gastric glands in the lamina propria. Gastric pit serves as the duct for the gastric gland.
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What type of epithelium is associated with sheet gland?
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Simple columnar
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What are the gross anatomic divisions of stomach?
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Cardiac, fundic, body, and pyloric
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What are the histological divisions of the stomach? What are they based on?
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Based on the gland structure. Cardiac, fundic, and pyloric
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What are the details of sheet glands?
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Continuous with epithelium of gastric pits, secretions form protective barrier from strong acidity of stomach; cells continuously sloughed off about every 3 days; simple columnar epithelium; secrete BASIC pH mucus
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What type of glands are gastric glands?
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Simple, branched tubular; occupy entire thickness of mucosa
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What is the stomach submucosa made of?
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Dense CT
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What is the diagnostic feature of the cardiac region of stomach?
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depth of gastric pits is about equal to length of glands
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What is the diagnostic feature in the fundic region of stomach?
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Depth of gastric pits is much shorter than the length of the glands. (glands much longer than pits are deep)
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What are the major source of gastric juice?
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Fundic glands
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What type of glands are fundic glands?
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Simple, branched tubular
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What type of cells in the fundic glands produce an acidic mucus secretion, appear basophilic, and are relatively few in number?
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mucous neck cells
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What type of cells in the fundic glands are more numerous at the beginning, appear acidophilic/eosinophilic, and secrete H+ and Cl-?
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Parietal cells
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What cells secrete gastric intrinsic factor, and what does it do?
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-Parietal cells
-Binds to B12 to allow absorption (needed for proper RBC maturation) |
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What type of cells in the fundic glands appear basophilic, are the dominant type in the lower half, and secrete pepsinogen?
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Chief cells
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What type of cells does the neck (first part of fundic gland) contain?
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Mucus (dark) and parietal (light, large) cells
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What are the types of cells in the fundic glands?
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1) Mucus neck
2) Parietal 3) Chief 4) Enteroendocrine |
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What type of cells in the fundic glands secrete endocrine hormones?
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enteroendocrine
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What type of cells does the base of fundic gland mostly contain?
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Primarily Chief and Enteroendocrine
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Which cells have a secretory canaliculus that acts to increase surface area?
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Parietal cells
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What type of glands are pyloric glands?
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Simple, branched tubular
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What cell types do the pyloric glands contain?
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Mucus-secreting cells mostly (a few parietal and enteroendocrine)
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Which layer of muscularis externa forms the pyloric sphincter?
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Middle circular
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