Histo Blood

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specialized connective tissuecontains cells or formed elements and fluid intercellular plasma

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Blood

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Blood constitutes about what percentage of the body's weight

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8%

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There are how many liters of blood in a 150 pound person

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5-6L

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distributing vehicle, transporting oxygen, carbon dioxide, metabolites, hormones and other substances

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Blood

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clot containing formed elements and a clear yellow fluid

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Serum

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Clotted blood has

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Serum

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Unclotted blood has

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Plasma

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Serum is equivalent in plasma except

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-Lacks in fibrinogen and protein components

-Abundant in Serotonin

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Blood collected and kept from coagulation by the addition of anticoagulants seperates when

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Centrifuge

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The results if the sedimentation of anti-coagullated blood that is carried out in glass tubes is the

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Hematocrit

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Permits the estimation of the volume of packed erythrocytes per unit of blood

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Hematocrit

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Normal hematocrit value for adult male

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40-50%

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Normal hematocrit value for adult female

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35-45%

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The translucent yellowish and somewhat viscous supernatant obtained when the hematocrit is measured is the

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Plasma

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homogenous, slightly alkaline fluid

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Plasma

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Proteins that plasma contains

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-Globulin

-Albumin

-Fibrinogen

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Inorganic salts that plasma contains

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-Chloride

-Sodium

-Bicarbonates

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Plasma constitutes what percentage of blood

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55%

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Formed elements constitutes what percentage of blood

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45%

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mediates the transport of nutritive substance

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Plasma

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oxygen bound by the blood cells are first dissolved here before reaching the cells

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Plasma

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Formed elements of the blood

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-Erythrocytes

-Leucocytes

-Thrombocytes

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Red corpuscles that Transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs

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Erythrocytes

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Normal number number of erythrocytes per cubic ml of blood is

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4.5-5.5Million

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RBCs stack up in loose aggregates

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Rouleux Formation

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Most important component of erythrocytes

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Hemoglobin

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variation in RBC shape

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Poikilocytosis

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Difference in RBC size

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Anisocytosis

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Twice the size of RBC

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Leucocytes

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Plasma is consist of

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-92% water

-7% plasma proteins

-1% other solutes

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Percentage of Plasma proteins

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-58% Albumin

-37% Globulin

-4% Fibrinogen

->1%Regulatory Proteins

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Examples of other solutes in a plasma

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-Electrolytes

-Wastes

-Nutrients

-Respiratory Gases

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Life span of erythrocytes

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120 days

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Hemoglobin is orange or pink in

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Wright's Stain

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Hemoglobin's Remarkable property of binding oxygen in a very loose combination

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Oxyhemoglobin

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Measurement of hemoglobin in g/cu mm

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12-15g/100 cu mm of blood

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increased hemoglobin content

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Hyperchromic

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Decreased hemoglobin content

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Hypochromic

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Erythrocytes shows a greenish color in a microscope due to

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Hemoglobin

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Normal plasma is said to be

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Isoosmotic or Isotonic

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When Hypertonic solution is added to the blood the erythrocytes become shrunken in irregular surface contour called

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Cockle-Burr Appearance

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RBCs become shrunken and irregular

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Hypertonic Solution

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Term called when RBCs become shrunken and irregular due to Hypertonic solution is

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Crenation

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RBCs swell until it looses its hemoglobin

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Hypotonic Solution

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Term wherein RBCs swell until it looses its hemoglobin due to hypotonic solution

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Hemolysis

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Spherical shaped cells with nucleus and cytoplasm

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Leucocytes

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Normal count of leucocytes

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5,000-10,000/cu mm

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increased leucocyte count

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Leucocytosis

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Decreased leucocytes count

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Leucopenia

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Granular leucocytes

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-Neutrophils

-Eosinophils

-Basophils

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Agranular Leucocytes

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-Lymphocytes

-Monocytes

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Polymorphonuclear leucocytes or segmenters

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Neutrophils

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Most abundant leucocyte

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Neutrophils

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Neutrophils consist what percentage of the total count

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55-65%

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Normal life span of neutrophil

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8 days

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Average diameter of erythrocytes

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7.5 um

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Average diameter of neutrophils

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10-12 um

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Consists of 3-5 sausage shaped masses of chromatin

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Neutrophils

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In young Neutrophils the nucleus has what shape

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Single elongated shape

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Young Neutrophils are described as

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Band forms

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In small proportions of the Neutrophils of women, the chromatin representing condensed X chromosomes forms a minute seperated lobule which is often described as

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Drumstick Nucleus

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First line of defense against invasion by pathogenic bacteria

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Neutrophil

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1-3% of the total count of leucocytes

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Eosinophils

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Eosinophils is what percentage of total leucocyte count

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1-3%

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Average diameter of eosinophil

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10-12um

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Lifespan of Eosinophil

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8-12 Days

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Bilobed and cytoplasm contains acidophilic Granulesq

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Eosinophils

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Increased in number in parasitic disease and various forms of allergy

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Eosinophils

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Attached to sites where basophils and mast cells abound

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Eosinophils

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Least numerous, 0.5-1.0% of the total count of leucocytes

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Basophils

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Basophils are what percentage of the total count of leucocytes

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. 5-1%

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Slightly smaller than neutrophils, 10um

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Basophils

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Nucleus is large and irregularly polymorphous, S/U/J shape

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Basophils

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Specific granules are larger, basophilic, and metachromatic

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Basophils

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Important property of basophils and mast cells is the presence of specific receptors for

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Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

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Increase to 20 fold in persons suffering from hay fever, asthma, or allergic dermatitis

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IgE

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IgE is increased to 20 folds in persons suffering from

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-Hay fever

-Asthma

-Allergic dermatitis

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Antibody against antigens

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Reangenic Antibody

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Reangenic antibody that results in the immediate hypersensitivity (Type I)

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IgE

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Type of immediate hypersensitivity of IgE in basophils

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Type 1

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Second most numerous class of leucocytes, 25-35%

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Lymphocytes

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Percentage of lymphocytes in leucocytes

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25-35%

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Diameter of lymphocytes

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7-9 um

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Cytoplasm has thin rim

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Lymphocytes

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Has a large nucleus which may be slightly indented on one side

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Basophils

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Increased in chronic and viral infections

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Lymphocytes

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Largest formed elements of blood

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Monocytes

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Diameter of monocytes

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14-16 um

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Percentage of monocytes in total count of leucocytes

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2-8 percent

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Grayish blue tint with scattered small azurophil granules

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Monocytes

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Nucleus is kidney-shaped (reniform) or horseshoe-shaped

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Monocytes

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Shape of nucleus of Monocytes

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-Kidney-Shaped

-Horseshoe-Shaped

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Monocytes stayed in circulation for how long before being transformed into a macrophage

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1-3 days

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Mobile reserve of scavengers that play a valuable defensive role by phagocytosis and intracellular digestion of invading microorganisms

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Monocytes

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Biconcave discs, non-nucleated, in clusters or groups

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Thrombocytes

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Diameter of platelets

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2-3 um

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Number of platelets ranges from

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150000-300000 per cu mm

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Derived from fragmentation of the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes

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Platelets

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Platelets are Derived from fragmentation of the

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Cytoplasm of megakaryocytes

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Involved in clotting of blood

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Thrombocytes

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An enzyme liberated by platelets which is an important factor that affects the clotting mechanism in blood coagulation

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Thromboplastin

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Two concentric zones of thrombocytes in stained blood smears

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-Hyalomere

-Granulomere

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A thin pale blue Peripheral zone

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Hyalomere

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A thick central region containing small azurophilic granules

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Granulomere