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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Where was tech born, and when |
2.5 million years ago in great rift valley (Africa) |
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What is an oldowan tool? |
A flake tool developed in great rift valley |
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What is the name and evolution of the oldest skeleton |
Lucy, and she was an Australopithecus |
Lucy Lu is astrolow-fit-icus |
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What is another name for Core tools |
Acheulean tools |
A chew lean with my core tools |
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What are two reasons core tools are so important? |
1) More meat in diet 2) lived longer (from better protection) |
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When did domestication of fire happen |
1 million years ago |
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What is the core difference between homosapiens and homo erectus? |
Homosapiens had larger brains which allows us to have abstract thinking |
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When did homosapiens first start appearing |
200,000-100,000 Years ago |
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Where did agriculture start? |
Mesopotamia 10,000BC |
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How did agriculture start |
End of the ice age, people ended up in fertile crescent, they didn't want to leave |
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When did domestication of animals happen and why was it important |
7500BC, and it saved energy otherwise used to hunt |
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What percent of food was leftover when humans first began to settle down |
2% |
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What 3 things did extra food give rise to |
1) Division of labour 2) Political elite 3) Towns |
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What is the oldest preserved town, and where is it located |
Catalhoyuk 7000BC, in Turkey |
Cattle Hoes in the Yukon eat Turkey |
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What is the best invention |
The plow, 4000BC |
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Who was the first civilization and where were they located? |
Sumerians, in the fertile crescent |
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What two rivers were by the fertile crescent and Turkey? |
Euphrates and Tigrus rivers |
Youth rates and tigers are us |
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What qualities did Euphrates and Tigrus rivers have, and what technologies did this birth? |
The rivers were harsh and unpredictable. They didn't have predictable flooding. This birthed the invention of the plow, irrigation, engineering, and math |
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What is the name for a step pyramid, and who first built them? |
They are called Ziggurats and they were first built by the Sumerians |
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What was the first city, and what did they invent |
Uruk 4000BC, invented bureaucracy, armies, and lawyers (used food for currency) |
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What did the birth of religion bring |
People had to pay the temple food (offering to the female diety). To keep track of who gave what they developed writing |
Females and books |
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What defines the prehistoric era |
The time before writing, 3200BC |
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What is the earliest form of language |
Cuneiform, mainly used to keep track of offerings (reciepts) |
Cutie writing forms |
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How was most transportation done, and list 3 reasons why was it done like that |
Done by water as it is safer, you can carry more goods, and all cities were by water |
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Why did armies form? |
To protect massive stores of wealth and technology |
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What materials were used in metallurgy before smelting, list the pros and cons |
Gold Easy to work with, not strong Copper Stronger than gold, not strong enough Silver Strong but rare |
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When did smelting happen and what age did it birth |
Smelting occurred in 3000BC and birthed the bronze age. Remember bronze before iron! |
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When and why did the collapse of the Sumerians happen |
Captured by the Amorites in 1900BC |
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What's another word for Amorites? |
Babylonians |
Babies long lions, AmIRight |
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List 5 legacies of the Sumerians |
Wheel Plow Writing Government Math Measurement of time Armour weapons and metallurgy Calendar |
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List 2 geographical advantages the Egyptians had? |
1) Surrounded by desert (hard to invade) 2) Had the Nile River |
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What was the direction of current/wind flow in the Nile River? |
Wind came from N to S
Water current came from S to N |
Wind came down hard |
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Who invented the sail ships |
The Egyptians in 3000BC |
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What advantages did the Nile River bring? |
Predictable flooding would rejuvenate soil every year for high crop yeild Easy travel using wind or current |
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What is a Nilometer |
A device that used to measure water height to detect patterns over the years |
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What made Egyptian agriculture unique? |
Used a complex system to store water during floods and dissipate it during dry seasons. This allowed 2 harvests |
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What roles did the priests play in Egypt? |
They were astronomers who would use astrology to map time. They would observe patterns in flooding (Sirus the star was present every time the Nile flooded) They used this information to extort farmers |
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What was the main role of the Pharaoh, and who was the first Pharaoh? |
Menes was the first in 3200BC. Their main task was to control centralized granary (source of wealth). |
Meanies take food and only give you some |
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Why did the Egyptians build pyramids, and what was the first stage in their evolution? |
The Egyptians built pyramids to keep farmers busy during flooding. The pyramid started off as a flat block building called a mastaba in 3100-2800BC. |
Massive tablets |
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What is a Djoser pyramid? |
It's a whole bunch of mastabas stacked on top of each other |
DJ poser got stacks |
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Who was the great pyramid of Giza built for? And how long / how many men did it take? |
Khufu in 2500BC. Took 20,000 men 20 years to make. |
'Hey build be a great pyramid of Giza' 'Hah K'... 'huh FU!' |
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What was the catalyst for the end of the Egyptians? |
Hyksos disbanded Pharaohs in 1700BC, never recovered mentally. |
Hi... *start f***ing sh*t up* K SOS |
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Who fully wiped out the Egyptians |
Alexander the Great in 332BC |
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What are the four components needed for science? |
1) Free time 2) Record keeping 3) Standardized measurement 4) Math |
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Why did the Greeks flourish when it came to the sciences |
1) No separation of divine from natural phenomena 2) Had Agoras which allowed people to voice their opinions freely |
A gory scene when people speak their minds |
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Who was the first Philosopher/Scientist? |
Thales of Miletus, 600BC - He invented geometry and died falling into a well |
My elite usurped religion |
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What significant things did Pythagoras discover? |
1) Everything is made of numbers 2) Math is the universal language 3) Opposed geocentric idea (didn't believe in heliocentric either) |
Math math math |
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What significant things did Plato discover? |
Opened first school in 388BC in Athens - Teaching was done purely through discussion |
Plato like Cranium where everyone talks |
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What significant things did Aristotle discover? |
He was the most influential 1) Introduced physics 2) Father of Biology 3) Founded school of Lyceum to create intellectual and military elite |
A is the first letter of the alphabet. Air gives the breath of life. Got straight A's in his school. |
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Why was Archimedes important? |
He was the first one to merge Science and Technology! |
An arch uses engineering to bring two things together |
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List 3 of Archimedes inventions |
1) Invented gearbox (reduction gears) 2) Built Syracusia (a ship with steam boiler and water pumps) 3) Mechanical clock 4) Catapult 5) Crane 6) Death ray |
It grinds my gears that Archimedes had his own boat |
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Who was King Heiro II? |
He ruled over Syracuse during Archimedes time. Pissed of Romans by allying with Carthaginians. |
Big Hero 6 made the wrong decision when he started smoking carcinogens instead of roman candles |
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Who was Marcus Claudius? |
Militant who was given complete control of army and navy to f*ck Syracuse from land and sea |
Mark my words Jean Claude I will attack you both ways |
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How did the Romans defeat Syracuse? |
After Syracuse defended themselves from the Romans, everyone got drunk and they slipped through the gates slaughtering everyone |
Drinking will be the death of me |
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What revelations came after the Seige of Syracuse? |
Science could be applied, and was not just for fun |
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What did Alexander the Great do? |
Took over Athens and Egypt to unite the Greek people. While taking over other lands he spread Greek knowledge and ideas. Became a Pharaoh (and also a dick) |
Alexander the great loved to worship pussy |
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Where was Alexandria located? |
In Egypt, 331BC. Was to be the new Athens of the world |
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What happened when Alexander the Great II died? |
The empire fell almost instantly |
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Who was Ptolemy the I? |
He took over for Alexander the Great. Developed Library of Alexandria, and first research institute (government payed scientists) |
He p-told me to read more books |
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Who was Ptolemy the III? |
He created international library (not just Greek texts) and copied most important books to underground storage |
Not 1, not 2, but 3 times as safe to store things underground |
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What happened during the Alexandria Civil War? |
The great library was set ablaze, 272AD |
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What happened to the underground library |
Set ablaze by Christians as they were not Christian texts, 391AD |
Christians blaze with non-Christian bible papers |
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What did the Arabs do to first promote science? |
Found the leftover texts from the libraries and translated them into Arabic, 642BC |
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Who was Eratosthenes, and what did he accomplish? |
He was director of Great Library, and he: 1) Estimated circumference of Earth 2) Measured tilt of earth 3) Developed Chronology |
Your a to thin to be as fat as the earth |
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List 5 of Heron the teachers top ten most interesting contraptions |
1) Programmable robot 2) Self powered vehicles 3) Operational steam engine 4) Jet powered steam turbine 5) Vacuum pump 6) Coin operated vending machine 7) Fire engine 8) Automatic door 9) Light sensors 10) High pressure atomizer |
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Why was anatomy so taboo? |
Disturbing a body was punishable by death (even though torture was cool) |
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For how long did the study of anatomy last for in Alexandria? |
50 years |
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Who was Herophilos? |
- First anatomist. - Discovered intelligence comes from the brain. - Used pulse to diagnose sickness. |
The hero fills us with bravery (or guts) |
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What was the Greek system for armies |
They had Phalanx system where they used long spears to kill enemies. Problem came when everyone adopted this method |
Ph-Lanks are when you hold your body stiff as a spear |
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What was the first line of the Roman army? |
- Velites, 1200 men. - Young men, lightly armed |
The first ones ve lite on their feet |
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What was the second line of the Roman army? |
- Hastati, 1200 men - Took first assault with full body shields |
Take a second to appreciate he has tatted his full body |
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What was the third line of the Roman army? |
- Principes, 1200 men - Best of the best, large men, heavily armed |
There are 3 simple principles to be the best warrior: 1) Be big 2) Be well armed 3) Be the best |
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What was the fourth line of the Roman army? |
- Triarii, 600 men - Oldest soldiers, veterans of war |
Bring these men out when you try ary-thing |
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What incentives were the Roman army given? |
- It was a payed job - After 25 years: ~ Roman soldiers would get land ~ Foreign soldiers would get citizenship |
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What is a Castra? |
- Forts built for each legion - Standardized living areas with toilets, baths, and running water |
Castra like a castle where you have all the medieval amenities |
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What happened during the Communication Revolution? |
Most people became literate and began sharing information with people (writing letters). |
Communication for us involves sending texts |
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What is so important about the Vivolanda fort? |
- Inside the fort was a well where ancient letters have been found - Part of Hadrons wall |
TIVO-land records your favorite shows. VIVO-land records ancient shows |
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What were letters first written on? |
- Wooden tablets - Affordable and standardized (written in latin) |
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How long do Roman roads stretch? |
Over 80,000km connecting forts |
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List 2 reasons why roads were built |
1) To move troops quickly between forts 2) To keep soldiers busy so they wont rebel |
The devil finds work for idle hands |
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How were Roman roads built? |
1) Big stones were placed as base (Paumentum) 2) Crushed rock overtop (Statumen) 3) Cement with large rocks (Rudus) 4) Cemented with gravel (Nucleus) 5) Large stone slabs (Summum Dorsum) |
Big rocks, small rocks. Big cement, small cement. Cover it up. People Stick Ring's Near Some Dicks |
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How close were inns, hotels, and changing stations on these roads? |
Every 15 miles |
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What did road milestones tell us? |
How long it took to build the road, how much it cost, and who funded it. Also proved that roads were built by army. |
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What is the true name for the 'Golden Milestone'? |
Milliarium Aureum, basically the google maps of its day |
My liar... um... Are... um over there |
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How was the Modern City of Rome formed? |
- Built everything out of concrete (not marble) - Built apartment buildings |
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Who was Augustus Caesar? |
-The adopted son of Julius Caesar - Lived 27BC -14AD |
August is when the streets get covered. |
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What are the three architectural orders? |
1) Doric order (Greek, cheapish) 2) Ionic Style (Used by wealthy) 3) Corinthian (Used only by most wealthy) |
Doric the cheap decided to make an i[c]onic pillar. Nothing compares to the core in thian |
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Who did land belong to in the Roman empire? |
- Land belonged to all Romans - Could only build buildings if they served a public purpose ~ These buildings were funded by individuals |
Can someone really own land? |
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What is the true name for the Colosseum? |
Flavian Theater |
The snacks at the Colosseum had lots of flavor |
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Where did the name Colosseum come from? |
From the Colossus of Nero (statue beside Flavian Theater) |
The chances of people calling the Flavian Theater by its true name are narrow |
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What was the purpose of the Flavian Theater? |
Was built on the land of a private villa owned by the previous emperor. The new Flavian emperor demolished the land and built the Theater. Essentially used as a propaganda piece. |
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What types of games were displayed in the Flavian Theater? |
- Gladiator battles (less common) - Water games (people in boats attack each other) - Christians being slaughtered - Recreation of Greek Mythology where women f*cked animals |
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How many people did the Circus Maximus house? |
0.5 Million people |
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What is the name of the sewer system that we still use today? |
Cloaca maxima |
You definitely want to cloak that poo smell to the max |
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How did Catholicism come to Rome? |
The emperor at the time Constantine had a dream where he saw the Christian symbol (a fish) and won the war. He immediately declared all Romans to be Catholic. |
Christians are dreamers |
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When was Rome destroyed |
- First started when Constantine founded new capital Constantinople - In 410AD they officially destroyed it |
Not Istanbul but Constantinople |
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Why was Rome plundered |
The brass hooks that held up the marble were very expensive |
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When did the Eastern Roman Empire end? |
1453AD |
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What is another word for Eastern Roman Empire? |
Byzantine |
East side Byz |
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List 3 things invented by the Chinese |
1) Compass 2) Cannons 3) Black Powder |
Chinese pirates have this on their boat |
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Why did the Chinese not take advantage of their superior technology? |
Had to do with religion as change = imbalance |
Throws off their Feng Shui |
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Why are pigs so influential? |
You can produce potassium nitrite from pig urine and droppings. This created mass production of black powder which lead to cannons |
When pigs fly |
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Who stole the cannon technology from China? |
Mongolians and Turks |
God dam Mongolians! |
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How did Constantinople fall? |
Constantinople was protected by a wall, which the Turks bust down. They were taken over shortly after. |
Istanbul not Constantinople... That's nobody's business but the Turks |
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What are the pros and cons of early cannons? |
Pro: Good for sieging castles Con: Bad for man to man combat |
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Where were Greek texts translated (for Islamic world)? |
Al-Mamun House of knowledge |
How much books were translated? All mam under our care |
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What was the original purpose of knights? |
To kill all Pagans (non Christians) |
Knights bore the cross |
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What problems arose from knights? |
Eventually everyone nearby was Christian so they started killing other Christians |
They're too good! |
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How did people try and solve the knight problem? |
Sent them out to convert people far and wide (essentially a death mission) |
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What happened when the knights were sent off to spread Christianity? |
They took over Jerusalem, and took books back as spoils of war |
Holy sh*t you would never guess what I just read about regarding knights |
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Who convinced the people to accept non-Pagan books and how did he do it? |
- Thomas Aquinas - Made argument that Greeks weren't Pagan, deep down they were Christian |
Thomas the tank engine is akin as to be very persuasive |
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Why were books so expensive in the medieval days? |
Books were copied by hand by monks. Could take a lifetime to complete one work. |
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How did the Black Death affect those who survived? |
All those who died left all their belongings. This caused all survivors to become rich from looting. |
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What was a weird use of dead peoples underwear? |
Used to make paper |
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Why did people want books all of a sudden? |
With new found wealth, people wanted to show it off. As books were extremely rare this was the way it was done. |
It's just a pissing contest |
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Who invented the printing press? |
Johannes Gutenberg |
Put Jo Hands up for Mr.Gutenberg |
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What happened to Johannes Gutenberg before he sold his books |
His investor (Fust) cheated him out of his invention. Died as he lived, poor. |
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What is the importance of the Printing Press? |
- Went from 0 books to 11 million in 50 years - Caused the scientific revolution |
Scientists love there books |
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What did Copernicus do? |
All motions in heaven move in perfect circles (orbits) |
Copernicus coping a feel on some round ones |
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What did Aristarchus do? |
- Came up with Heliocentric model - This was black listed by the church |
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What did Galileo Galilea do? |
- Supported heliocentric model - Suggested planets are not perfect spheres |
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Who was Anaximander? |
Student of Thales, created first world map Created first world map |
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Who was Empedochs |
Used experimental approach, died falling into a volcano |
Emparedado, sandwich, must experiment, make it spicy |
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Democritus |
Theorized atoms, did demos with sand |
Demo with sand |
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Posidonius |
First to explain ocean tides |
Poisoned by the sea |
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Pliny the Elder |
Essentially Wikipedia |
Elder scrolls like Wikipedia |
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Claudius Ptolemy |
Produced Almagest (mathematical model of cosmos) |
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Paramenides of Elea |
Science based on observation |
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Zeno of Elea |
No change = no motion Everything is an illusion |
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