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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Henry Ford
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He founded the auto mobile company. During 1920s Ford’s Model T was his one best seller during the period. Also, He adopted assembly line to make his factory more cost efficient. Therefore, the price of Model T dropped from $800 to about $290. He was also a very smart business man. He doubled his worker’s wage compared to other companies to induce his works to buy his car. In addition, he lessened the work hour from 48 to 40 hours. Therefore, there was neither union nor turn over.
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Claude McKay
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He is a Jamaican- American writer and poet who emerged during the Harlem Renaissance period. He is best known for his book of collected poems, Selected Poems.
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Flapper
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Flapper" in the 1920s was a term applied to a "new breed" of young Western women who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, public smoking, drinking and flaunted their disdain for what was then considered acceptable behavior including sexual freedom. The Movie called IT acted by Clara Bow contributed to this idea.
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Oakies
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Dispossessed migrant tenant farmers and sharecroppers who left the Great Plains for the West Coast, mainly California in 1930s. Known as Okies because so many of them were driven from Oklahoma by the harsh conditions of the Dust Bowl, they numbered several million. The dust bowl was very serious problem because they destroyed farmer's farm land and farming machines. Also, it caused health problems.
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Scopes Trial
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: a highly publicized trial in 1925 when John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school; Scopes was prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan and defended by Clarence Darrow; Scopes was convicted of crime because the juries of the case were from local town who believe in Tennessee states’ law. Therefore the verdict only took 5 minutes to reach its conclusion. But the verdict was later reversed.
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Jacob Riis
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He was a muckraking journalist and social documentary photographer. He is known for his dedication to using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the impoverished in New York City, which was the subject of most of his prolific writings and photography. In 1890 he published a book called “How the other half lives). He took pictures of slums that were dark, airless and overcrowded in houses to awaken people who do not know about current situation. This was one of the events that gave a rise to progressive reform.
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Colfax Massacre
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occurred on Easter 1873, in Colfax, Louisiana, the seat of Grant Parish, during Reconstruction, when white militia attacked freedmen at the Colfax courthouse. Three whites and 80-150 freedmen died in the confrontation.
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Mary Elizabeth Lease
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She was the first female lawyer in Kansas. But she is best known for her temperance movement.
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Palmer Raids
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part of the postwar "Red Scare"--specifically targeted foreign-born radicals. Beginning in January 1920, under the direction of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, agents of the Justice Department raided offices and homes, arresting thousands of people often without warrants destroying property, and conducting unlawful searches.
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Sharecropping
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: Sharecropping is a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced on the land (e.g., 50% of the crop). This system allowed freedman to have their own land and work on their own land rather than working as slaves. However, this system put many freedmen in debt because they weren’t able to make money after substantial amount of amount of crop was paid to the landowner. So every year their debt would grow.
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Black Codes
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Laws passed in 1866 by southern states that defined the rights of former slaves and addressed black-white relationships. In general, these laws created a second-class citizenship for blacks, disallowing them the right to vote and generally discriminating on racial grounds.
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Exodusters
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Exodusters was a name given to African Americans who fled the Southern United States for Kansas in 1879 and 1880. After the end of Reconstruction, racial oppression and rumors of the reinstitution of slavery led many freedmen to seek a new place to live.
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Wounded Knee
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The Wounded Knee Massacre occurred on December 29, 1890 near Wounded Knee Creek. This massacre occurred as a result of Ghost Dance. It is a religious dance of Native Americans looking for communication with their ancestors. This dance did not contain any hostility toward white people but seeing Indians singing, and dancing intimidated whites and they open fired on Indians. It killed 150 to 200 Indians.
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Redeemers
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the victorious democrats called themselves Redeemers, since they claimed to have “redeemed” the white south from corruption, misgovernment and northern and black control.
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Carl Fischer:
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a successful entrepeneur who made millions. During 1920s he contributed to Miami real estate boom. He sent post cards to encourage people to buy houses in Miami. The population in Miami was only around 100~300 people. However, after Carl Fischer’s business strategy, many people migrated to Miami.
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Pullman Strike
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in 1894, workers in the company owned town of Pullman, Illinois, where railroad sleeping cars were made, called a strike to protest a reduction in wages and increasing in price of goods in the town. This resulted American railways, which had 150,000 members, to boycott. The strike and boycott became a problem. Therefore the president Grover Cleveland obtained federal court interjection and sent troops to end the strike. The leader of the union leader was Eugene V. Debs.
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Temperance Movement(year):
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A temperance movement is a social movement against the use of alcoholic beverages. Because they were blamed for leading man to waste their wages on drink and treat their wives abusively during the Women’s Era. WCTU, Women’s Christian Temperance Union was created.
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Pure Food & drug Act
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The Pure Food and Drug Act of June 30, 1906 is a United States federal law that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines. It forced companies to accuratelylabel ingredients. The Act arose due to public education and exposés from Muckrakers. Upton Sinclair’s jungle. Theodore Roosevelt. Rats and sometimes human. Before, anything could be in it.
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Caesar’s Column(591):
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This is a science fiction book published in 1891 by Ignatius Donnelly. This book is about civilized society destroyed in a savage civil war between labor and capital. This shows how hard the farmers going through with their lives.
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RMS Lusitania
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The British ocean liner RMS Lusitania was famous for its luxurious accommodations and speed capability. It primarily ferried people and goods across the Atlantic Ocean between the United States and Great Britain. In 1915 German submarine sank the Lusitania which was carrying a large cache of arms off the coast Ireland. Around 1200 passengers including 124 Americans died. This is one of the events that led the United States to enter the war.
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Promontory Point
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In May 1869, the railheads of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads finally met at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory. Many of immigrant works were used to connect the west and east. Most of workers in central pacific side were Chinese. In addition there were Irish, German , and other European immigrants. To entertain the workers there was a moving following the workers. Place to gamble and drink.
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Schenck v. United States
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Schenck v. United States, (1919), was a United States Supreme Court decision that upheld the Espionage Act of 1917 of prohibiting any attenp to interfere with military operations by supporting America’s enemies during wartime and refusing for the military recruitment. This concluded that a defendant did not have a First Amendment right to free speech against the draft during World War I. Charles Schenck was the Secretary of the Socialist party and was responsible for printing, distributing, and mailing 15,000 leaflets to men eligible for the draft that advocated opposition to the draft
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Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
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In 1911, fire broke out at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company. 46 people jumped out side of window and 100 people burned in the building. The fire causes a lot of casualties because the owner of the factory locked the doors so the workers are forced to work without going to the bathroom and stealing products. This shows how poor the working condition were in the factories before the progressive Era. In its wake, Government passed laws to inspect, regulate, and enforce fire safety codes.
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Steeplechase Park
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Steeplechase Park was an amusement park in the Coney Island area of Brooklyn, New York from 1897 to 1964. It was one of the leading attractions of its day and one of the most influential amusement parks of all time. The park caught on fire and destroyed twice.
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General Slocum
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The General Slocum was a sidewheel steam passenger ship, also known as a paddle steamer. On 1904, the General Slocum caught fire and burned to the waterline in New York's East River. With the poor regulations, the life vests and emergency boats were useless since they disintegrated when tried to use. An estimate of 1000 people was killed from this incident. In its wake, Government passed laws to inspect, regulate, and enforce fire safety codes.
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Committee on Public Information ( CPI)
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In 1917 CPI to explain to Americans and the world led by George Creel was created under the Wilson administration. Basically it was an organization for propaganda to force the United States to enter the war. They used posters, newspaper advertisements and 4-minute men as their medium. Across the country, 75,000 four minute men would deliver pro-war messages in public spaces where many moving population in many other immigrant languages.
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Gifford Pinchot (671 673):
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During the progressive reform, conservation of environment became a big concern of government. The aim was less to end economic utilization of natural resources .Therefore Roosevelt put Gifford Pinchot as the head of the U.S. Forest Service. He ordered that millions of acres be set aside as wildlife preserves and encouraged congress to build new national parks.
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Tenure of Office Act
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The Tenure of Office Act in1867 forbid the U.S. President, Andrew Johnson, to remove anyone who had been appointed by a past President without the advice and consent of the United States Senate from office. This happened because President Andrew Johnson wanted to remove Edwin Stanton from his cabinet. However, radical republicans did not want this to happen because there were not many republicans left in the cabinet. Andrew Johnson said this act was unconstitutional and fired Edwin Staten anyway.
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“The Cross of Gold speech
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The Cross of Gold speech was delivered by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. The Democratic Party wanted to standardize the value of the dollar to silver and opposed a monometallic gold standard. The inflation that would result from the silver standard would make it easier for farmers and other debtors to pay off their debts by increasing their revenue dollars. This speech was very popular among famers and because there was no voice recorder at the time. Therefore, William Bryan traveled around the country and delivered this speech many times.
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Margaret Sanger (660-61 695):
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She was from Irish-American working class family. She was an American birth control activist and the founder of the American Birth Control League. She claimed that women should have control over their bodies and be responsible with having sex. In 1911 she began a column on sex education. Later, she started her own journal called The Woman Rebel. She was jailed for one month for distributing contraceptive devices to poor Jewish and Italian women. She helped to set ridged limits to Americans’ freedom of expression.
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Ozawa v. United States
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Edward Bernays(692-3)
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