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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nazi in Power Introduction - set the scene
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Came to power perhaps by default
High Unemployment Only 37% of vote Legal revolution brought Hitler and Nazis to power democratic Weimar Republic ended totalitarian dictatorship until end WW2 |
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Introduction - Nazis in power - points to signpost
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Use of fear/force/threats to maintain control
Weakness division amongst opponents Use of law/constitution to maintain control Popular support of Nazi domestic policies popular support of Nazi foreign policy |
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Nazis in Power - Paragraph 1 - how the Nazis established the atmosphere of fear
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Enabling Act. Article 48 – special powers to banned Communists and opponents
other parties to get majority to get Enabling Act passed. Other measures passed – Unions banned, media censorship other parties were united and dissolve themselves. SA Night of the Long Knives – Public saw how Nazis dealt with ‘problems’. SS and Gestapo expand. Death of Hindenburg meant Hitler becomes Fuhrer. |
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Fear/Terror in Germany
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Gestapo + SS. Concentration camps (not Jews initially).
Spy on the whole population. |
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Fear/Terror in Germany
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Infiltration of every aspect of life + work – Dissent and opposition crushed.
Increased rules and regulations and rule breakers dealt with harshly |
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Fear/Terror in Germany
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Nazis dealt with:
Domestic enemies – communists, socialists, liberals, religion. Moral Enemies – criminals, gays, prostitutes and tramps.. Racial enemies – Jews and gypsies |
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Fear/Terror in Germany
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Bulk of population stuck to rules through fear of punishment and general public spying on them.
No recourse to the law as it was controlled by the Nazis Ordinary Germans were pleased at crime being dealt with. |
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Use of fear/force/threats
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Gestapo
Concentration camps established SS Network of informants Psychological pressure and fear Persecution of minority groups in Germany arbitrary arrests - 'vanished people' exile and executions |
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Other factors explaining Nazi control
Weakness/divisions among opponents |
opponents arrested, killed or exiled
opposition groups not allowed to unite or meet in large groups Socialists and Communists will not cooperate severe punishment for opponents and families |
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Other factors explaining Nazi control
Use of the law and constitution |
political parties outlawed
anti-Nazi members of Civil Service dismissed Nazis became lawmakers, interpreters and enforcers Acts Hostile to National Community (1935) legal persecution opposition groups persecuted |
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Other factors explaining Nazi control
Success of Domestic Policies |
propaganda praised Nazi improvements
reduction in unemployment very popular massive programme of public works better living standards under Hitler |
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Other factors explaining Nazi control
Success of Domestic Policies |
Goring policy 'guns before butter'
Creation of Volksgemeinshaft (national community) Nazi Youth and education policy against Jews Family policy - Kinder, Kuche, Kirche Strength through Joy organisation Concordat with Catholic Church - accepted Nazi rule Reichsbishop appointed head of Protestant church |
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Other factors explaining Nazi control
Success of Foreign Policy |
Popular support for Nazi foreign policy
Destruction of Treaty of Versailles Restoration of pride Nazis seemed to deliver what they promise - remove shame of 1919 |
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Other factors
Analysis Fear/Force/Threats |
use of secret police, informants, arbitrary arrest causes isolation and fear
no one could express opposition so appeared everyone supported Nazis anti-Nazi linked to unpatriotic majority seemed content to witness persecution of minority groups |
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Other factors
Analysis Weakness/division amongst opponents |
opponents could not get widespread attention
Hitler benefitted from lack of cooperation between Socialists and Communists liable to severe penalties so fear was a significant reason why Nazis retained control |
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Other factors
Analysis Use of law and constitution |
checks and balances removed from system of law
Nazis lawmakers also judges and law enforcers Acts Hostile to the National Community (1935) - legal persecution made opposition seem pointless After Night of the Long Knives few would oppose the Nazis |
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Other factors
Analysis Success of Domestic Policies |
so much better than the years of depression
people accepted propaganda Nazi social policies all a success - propaganda no evidence allowed to contradict |
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Other factors
Analysis Success of Domestic Policies |
Public accepted 'truth' Nazi state better than Weimar
Caused Nazi to be unchallenged and popular Nazi influence extended over all aspects of life People just accepted Nazi rule as a result |
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Other factors
Analysis Success of Foreign Policy |
satisfied the German need for revenge
restored sense of pride contrast to injustice of Weimar years |
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Conclusion
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On one hand the Nazi state remained in control of Germany 1933-1939 by careful use of popular incentives (e.g. jobs, pride) and on the other hand by the use of fear and force e.g. (Gestapo, informants, persecution). Positive improvements meant approval of Nazi rule but for those who opposed or objected fear and terror would be used.
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Nazis in Power - facts and quotes
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Hitler’s rule has been called “a mixture of chaos, confusion and consent” (Kershaw)
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Nazis in Power - facts and quotes
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Terror and Force
Propaganda - The Nazis sought to create a “Weltanschauung”, a philosophy of life or world view under which they could control the thoughts and minds of the German people. |
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Nazis in Power - facts and quotes
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Nazi propaganda machine controlled many aspects of life – Chamber of Culture in charge of fine arts, music, theatre, the press, the radio, literature and films. All of this overseen by Dr. Josef Goebbels.
Concepts within propaganda – anti-Semitism, militarism, nationalism, supremacy of Ayran race, cult of the Fuhrer |
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Nazis in Power
quotes and facts |
1933 – 4,700 daily newspapers, 3% controlled by Nazis
1944 – 997 daily newspapers, 82% controlled by the Nazis From 1933, all editors and writers in papers had to be approved by Goebbels Newspapers – treason to spread false news or rumours |
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Nazis in Power
quotes and facts |
Radio – radio wardens appointed to gauge people’s reactions to specific broadcasts
Goebbels on the radio – “the spiritual weapon of the totalitarian state” Films- over 1000 films produced under Third Reich |
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Nazis in Power
quotes and facts |
Consent and Popularity
Foreign Policy – gain “Lebensraum” in East which would create more space for the Aryan master race. Therefore Germany would be strong and united again in the Third Reich. This rhetoric was included in Mein Kampf. This was a popular idea which people liked and therefore…this contributed to the Nazis maintaining power. |
