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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What shortages did Germany face and what problems did this cause? |
Shortages of food and fuel, by 1918 people were beginning to starve to death |
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Why did the 1919 Spanish Flu epidemic effect Germany so badly? |
Because many Germans were already weakened due to the shortages at the time. |
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How much did the war cost and how did this cause problems? |
The war cost Germany $40 billion which led to major problems with inflation |
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Why did the Kaiser abdicate? |
People were beginning to rebel towards the end of the war as they blamed him for their loss |
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When did the Kaiser abdicate and where did he go? |
On November 9th 1918 the Kaiser fled to Holland |
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How many men were lost and why did this cause problems for Germany? |
1.7 million men lost their lives in the war. Many were skilled workers who had previously worked in Germany's industry, their loss crippled her |
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What article was the war guilt clause? |
Article 231 |
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Why did the Germans dislike article 231? |
They had to accept sole responsiblity for starting the war and as a result pay reparations. |
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Why did the Germans sign the treaty? |
They had to otherwise Germany would be occupied, their surrender was unconditional. |
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What was the 'Stab in the back theory'? |
The stab in the back theory by the Army that said they had been betrayed by the government who surrendered. They claimed they were on the verge of winning the war. |
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What was the Treaty of Versailles? |
The peace treaty to decide how Germany should be punished after the war. |
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When was the Treaty of Vesailles signed? |
The treaty was signed in June of 1919 at the palace of Versailles in France. |
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How much land did Germany lose and where to? |
Germany lost 13% of its land. This included Alsace and Lorraine to France. Other land was given to Poland and Czechoslovakia. |
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What happened to the German Armed forces? |
The German army was limited to 100,000 men and 6 ships without aircraft or submarines. |
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What happened to the Rhineland? |
It was demilitarized. |
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What happened to the Saar? |
It was given to France for 15 years |
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How much did Germany have to pay in reparations? |
Germany had to pay £6.6 billion to cover damage caused to other countries during the war. |
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What happened to the German say in the treaty? |
The Germans were given no say in the terms of the treaty and were not invited to negotiations. |
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Why were the German people mad about losing Land? |
The land lost would have been vital in restarting the German economy |
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Why were the German people mad about having no say in the treaty? |
They hoped the allies would be more understanding however they weren't. |
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Why were the German people mad about losing their armed forces? |
Germany was a proud military nation before the war. They also felt limiting the army left them vulenerable |
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Why were the German people mad about reparations? |
It led to problems with debt and cuts in public spendins |
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Why were the German people mad about blame? |
Lost of countries had been involved in starting the war so why should Germany accept all of the blame? |
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What happened after the Kaiser fled? |
Germany became a republic. |
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Who was the president? |
Friedrich Ebert |
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Who was the chancellor? |
Phillip Scheidemann |
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What was the German parliament called? |
The Reichtag |
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What was the new Government called? |
The Weimar Government |
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What were it's strengths? |
Voting - Proportional representation. Everyone over 20 could vote. Article 48 - In a crisis the President could make decisions to protect the country Freedom of Speech - This made the country fair |
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What were it's weakness'? |
Voting - Often led to coalition governments that didn't last long Article 48 - The power could be abused Lack of Support - Government workers had a lot of power and didn't like it. Freedom of Speech - Allowed people to openly criticzise. |
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What party was far left wing? |
The Communists (KPD) |
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What party was far right wing? |
Nationalists (Nazi Party) |
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Who did communism appeal to? |
The working classes and poor |
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Who did Nationalism appeal to? |
The aristocracy. |
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What is Nationalism? |
The belief that an individual is responsible for themselves. Believe in one strong leader. |
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What is Communism? |
The belief that everyone is equal and everything should be shared out evenly. |
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When did the Spartacist revolt happen? |
January 1919, Berlin |
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Who was involved in the Spartacist Revolt? |
Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebneckt |
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What was the Spartacist Revolt? |
A left wing revolution that tried to stage an uprising and form a communist government in Berlin. |
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Why did the spartacist revolt fail? |
It was badly organized and recieved little support |
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What were the results of the Spartacist Revolt? |
The Freikorps helped in return of promise not to change army leadership. They executed the two leaders. |
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Who were the Freikorps? |
4,000 volunteer ex-servicemen |
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Why was the Spartacist revolt important? |
It showed opposition to the Weimar uprising but was easily put down. It also showed how the Government didn't have total control over the army. |
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When was the Kapp Putsch? |
March 1920, Berlin |
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Who was involved in the Kapp Putsch? |
The Freikorps and Dr Wolfgang Kapp |
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What was the Kapp Putsch? |
A right wing revolt. After the Treaty of Versailles, nationalists were angry and tried to take over. They did so for several days. |
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What was the result of the Kapp Putsch? |
The Weimar government was forced to call on unions and workers to bring the country to a standstill through general strike. |
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What was the importance of the Kapp Putsch? |
It showed that the army and Friekorps were no longer supportive. It also shows the weakness of the Weimar Government. It did however show how the workers and unions supported the government. |
