Higher Appeasement Foreign And Military Policy

Front 1

British foreign policy:
failure or success?
Britain paid lip service to disarmament but was not committed to naval disarmament

Back 1

Failure

Front 2

British foreign policy:
failure or success?
Britain did little to stop Italian aggression in Abyssinia and wavered over sanctions.

Back 2

Failure

Front 3

British foreign policy:
failure or success?
Britain’s priority was to avoid European conflicts and protect its empire.

Back 3

Success

Front 4

British foreign policy:
failure or success?
Following the Abyssinia invasion and the failure of the Stresa Front, Italy moved closer to Germany’s way of thinking.

Back 4

Failure

Front 5

British foreign policy:
failure or success?
British military and economic resources were too low to take action.

Back 5

Success

Front 6

British foreign policy:
failure or success?
Britain persuaded the French popular front government not to take action in Spain.

Back 6

Failure

Front 7

British foreign policy:
failure or success?
The Chiefs of Staff identified Hitler as the ultimate potential enemy in 1934 and suggested Britain avoid distractions.

Back 7

Success

Front 8

British foreign policy:
failure or success?
Government spending was focused on relieving effects of the economic depression.

Back 8

Success

Front 9

British foreign policy:
failure or success?
Britain actively undermined the legitimate government of Spain by banning arms sales to it.

Back 9

Failure

Front 10

British foreign policy:
failure or success?
Britain did not act when Hitler rearmed in 1935, remilitarised the Rhineland or sent military help to the Nationalist rebels in the Spanish Civil War.

Back 10

Failure

Front 11

British foreign policy:
failure or success?
Inaction over Rhineland based on British view that Versailles had been too harsh.

Back 11

Success

Front 12

British foreign policy:
failure or success?
Britain’s naval agreement with Germany was in part a reaction to France’s proposed alliance with Russia.

Back 12

Failure

Front 13

Hitler or Mussolini?
He promised to rebuild the glories of the Roman Empire.

Back 13

Mussolini

Front 14

Hitler or Mussolini?
He wanted to expand his country’s influence into Eastern Europe and Russia.

Back 14

Hitler

Front 15

Hitler or Mussolini?
He referred to the Mediterranean as mare nostrum – ‘Our sea’.

Back 15

Mussolini

Front 16

Hitler’s foreign policy
What three points of Hitler’s 25 point programme remained central to Nazi ideology?

Back 16

• Union of all Germany in a Greater Germany
• Destruction of Treaty of Versailles
• Demand for land and territory to feed our people and to settle our surplus population (lebensraum – ‘living space’)

Front 17

Hitler or Mussolini?
He said ‘I want to make Italy great, respected and feared.’

Back 17

Mussolini

Front 18

Hitler’s foreign policy
In what book did Hitler make a link between his demand for ‘living space’ and the destruction of the Jews?

Back 18

Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Front 19

Hitler’s foreign policy
Besides the Jews, which group was Hitler determined to destroy?

Back 19

The Communist Party, particularly the USSR which he saw as the source of the international communist movement.

Front 20

Why was Hitler in trouble over Austria in 1934?

Back 20

• July 1934: Austrian Nazis had killed Chancellor Dolfuss.
• Mussolini moved troops to the Brenner frontier with Austria.
• Hitler had to disassociate himself from the attempted coup.
•

Front 21

How did Hitler manipulate the Disarmament conference in 1933?

Back 21

• He said that Germany would give up aggressive weapons if other countries did also.
• If other countries were harsh on Germany then he would leave the conference and the League.
• When Britain took a tough line, Hitler had his excuse and left both in October 1933.

Front 22

What was the Saar plebiscite?

Back 22

• January 1935: the people of Saarland voted to rejoin Germany (91%).
• The Saar had been transferred to France in 1919 for 15 years.
• Hitler tells Daily Mail: Germany will never of its own accord break the peace.’

Front 23

What resulted from Germany’s departure from the League of Nations?

Back 23

Jan. 1934: Poland and Germany sign 10-year non-aggression pact.
France sees this as weakening its alliance system with Eastern Europe (but its alliances had weakened the idea of collective security already)

Front 24

How was the Saar connected to German rearmament?

Back 24

• 1 March 1935: Saar reunites with Germany
• That month Goering announces existence of air force (forbidden by Versailles), and Hitler announces enlarged army (36 divisions: only allowed ten), and says conscription would restart (also forbidden)

Front 25

Which countries made up the Stresa Front in April 1935, and why?

Back 25

• Britain, France and Italy
• to confirm their commitment to the Locarno treaty
• to support Austrian independence
• to resist any future attempts by Hitler to change the Treaty of Versailles

Front 26

How was the Anglo-German Naval Agreement perceived differently by France and Britain?

Back 26

• French thought Britain had no concern for international commitments
• British aim was to negotiate and thus guide German rearmament

Front 27

What problems did the Stresa Front encounter?

Back 27

• France soon made a Mutual Assistance Pact with the USSR (alarming Br and Italy)
• Britain signed a naval agreement with Germany without consulting Fr or Italy
• Italy invaded Abyssinia

Front 28

What evidence suggests that Hitler had a master plan to conquer Europe?

Back 28

• 25 Point Programme
• Mein Kampf and the Zweites Buch
• Hossbach Memorandum

Front 29

What were the terms of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement?

Back 29

• Germany’s navy would be 35% the size of Britain’s
• Germany’s submarine fleet would equal Britain’s

Front 30

What is the Hossbach Memorandum?

Back 30

• Minutes taken by Col. Hossbach at a meeting on 5 Nov. 1937.
• Hitler seems to set out an agenda for taking over Austria and CZ. Suggests a war into E. Eur. By 1943-5
• Kershaw: ‘The drift of Hitler’s thinking was plain.’