High Yield

Front 1

Location of the Ceruminous Gland (Cummings, page 50)

Back 1

Outer or Lateral 1/3 of the external auditory canal (cartilaginous)

- also contains hair follicles and sebaceous glands

Front 2

Represents the final common pathway for drainage and ventilation of the ethmoid, maxillary and frontal sinuses (Cummings, page 752)

Back 2

Ostiomeatal Complex (OMC)

Front 3

Boundaries of the Ostiomeatal Complex

(Cummings, 753)

Back 3

LATERALLY by medial orbital wall or Lamina Papyracea (LP)

MEDIALLY by Middle Turbinate (MT)

Front 4

Components of the Ostiomeatal Complex (Cummings, page 752)

Back 4

1. Uncinate process

2. Ethmoid infundibulum

3. Hiatus semilunaris

4. Anterior ethmoid cells

5. Ostia of the anterior ethmoid

6. Maxillary sinuses

7. Frontal sinuses

Front 5

Layers of the True Vocal Folds (Cummings, page 869)

Back 5

1. Stratified squamous epithelium

2. Lamina propia (subepithelial tissue)

a. Superficial layer (Reinke space) - fibroblast that produce proteins and GP to form ECM of loose CT

b. Intermediate layer - elastin

c. Deep layer - collagen fibers

3. Muscle - thyroarythenoid

Front 6

The Inferior meatus receives drainage from? (Cummings, 659)

Back 6

Nasolacrimal duct

Front 7

The middle meatus receives drainage from? (Cummings, 659)

Back 7

1. Ipsilateral frontal sinus via the frontal process

2. maxillary sinus

3. anterior ethmoid air cells

Front 8

The Superior meatus receives drainage from? (Cummings, 659)

Back 8

1. Posterior ethmoid air cells

2. Sphenoid sinus

Through the sphenoethmoidal recess

Front 9

Identify the Zone:

Macrovascular System

Back 9

Zone I

Front 10

Identify the Zone:

Capillary System

Back 10

Zone II

Front 11

Identify the Zone:Cellular System

Back 11

Zone IV

Front 12

Identify the Zone:Interstitial System

Back 12

Zone III

Front 13

Identify the Zone:Includes the aterioles, venules, capillaries and lymphatic buds

Back 13

Zone II

Front 14

Identify the Zone:Consists of cardiopulmonary system, arteries, veins, AV shunts, neural control and lymphatic vessels

Back 14

Zone I

Front 15

Identify the Zone: flow is non nutritive

Back 15

Zone I

- no mechanisms exist for exchange between the tissue and blood

Front 16

Describe Zone I (Cummings, page 1125 - 1127)

Back 16

System: Macrovascular

Components: cardiopulmonary system, arteries, veins, AV shunts, neural control, lymphatic vessels

Flow: non nutritive

Effect: delay phenomenon

Examples: free microvascular tissue transfer and pedicled flap

Front 17

Identify the Zone:

delay phenomenon effect

Back 17

Zone I

Front 18

Describe Zone II (Cummings, page 1126)

Back 18

System:Capillary

Components: arterioles, venules, capillaries, and lymphatic buds

Flow: nutritive

Effect: no-reflow and CCP phenomenon

Front 19

Identify the zone:

Examples are free microvascular tissue transfer and pedicled flap

Back 19

Zone I

Front 20

Identify the Zone:

No-reflow and CCP phenomenon

Back 20

Zone II

Front 21

Describe Zone III (Cummings, page 1126)

Back 21

System: Interstitial

Components: Interstitial space and mechanisms of nutrient delivery

Flow: nutrients and waster removal occur by diffusion and convection

Effect: loss of cell viability due to failure of metabolites to enter and traverse the interstitial space

Front 22

Identify the Zone:

Components are Interstitial space and mechanisms of nutrient delivery

Back 22

Zone III

Front 23

Identify the Zone:

Flow is nutritive

nutrients and waster removal occur by diffusion and convection

Back 23

Zone III

Front 24

Identify the Zone:Effect: loss of cell viability due to failure of metabolites to enter and traverse the interstitial space

Back 24

Zone III

Front 25

Describe Zone IV (Cummings, page 1126)

Back 25

System: cellular Components: cells and its membranes

Effects: failure of therapeutics

Front 26

Vascular Anatomy of Zone I (Cummings, page 1126)

Back 26

1. Musculocutaneous arteries

2. Direct cutaneous (septocutaneous) arteries

Front 27

Vascular Anatomy of Zone II (Cummings, page 1126)

Back 27

Capillaries and AV shunts

- for nutritional support and thermoregulation

Front 28

Vascular Anatomy of Zone III (Cummings, page 1127)

Back 28

Diffusion (most important) and convection

Front 29

Vascular Anatomy of Zone IV (Cummings, page 1127)

Back 29

Osmotic pressure

Front 30

Absence of communication between the posterior nasal cavity and the nasopharynx (Cummings, page 2953)

Back 30

Choanal Atresia

Front 31

Diagnosis of Choanal Atresia (Cummings, page 2953)

Back 31

Clinically by failure to pass a 6F catheter through the nose into the nasopharynx (distance approximately 32mm)

Confirmatory: endoscopy and CT

Front 32

Clinical presentation of unilateral choanal Atresia (Cummings, page 2953)

Back 32

Presents later in life w/ rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction

Front 33

Clinical presentation of bilateral choanal Atresia (Cummings, page 2953)

Back 33

Neonatal period w/ increasing efforts to breathe, tight mouth closure, and chest retractions, followed by cyanosis

Front 34

A horizontal fracture that separates the bone containing the maxillary dentition from the remainder of the craniofacial skeleton. (Cummings, page 334)

Back 34

Le Fort I

Front 35

A "paramental" fracture, which extends across the maxilla, through the infraorbital rim and orbital floor, up through the medial orbital wall, across the nasal root area, and the similarly across the other side. (Cummings, page 334)

Back 35

Le Fort II

Front 36

True craniofacial separation, which includes fractures if the zygomatic arches and frontozygomatic areas; it then crosses the lateral inferior and medial orbits and is completed across the nasal root. (Cummings, page 334)

Back 36

Le Fort III

Front 37

Diagnosis of Allergic Fungal Sinusitis

Back 37

Bent and Kuhn Criteria

(1) type I hypersensitivity confirmed by history, skin tests, or serology;

(2) nasal polyposis; (3) characteristic CT signs;

(4) eosinophilic mucus without fungal invasion into sinus tissue

(5) positive fungal stain of sinus contents removed during surgery.

Front 38

Characteristics of Allergic Fungal Sinusitis

Back 38

Type I hypersensitivity confirmed by history, skin tests, or serology

Nasal polyposis

Characteristic CT signs

Eosinophilic mucus without fungal tissue invasion

Positive fungal stain

Asthma

Unilateral predominance

Radiographic bone erosion

Positive fungal culture

Charcot-Leyden crystals

Peripheral eosinophilia

Front 39

Schaefer-Fuhrman Classification of Laryngeal Trauma Group I (Cummings, page 973)

Back 39

Minor endolaryngeal hematomas or lacerations; no detectable fracture

Front 40

Schaefer-Fuhrman Classification of Laryngeal Trauma Group 2 (Cummings, page 973)

Back 40

Edema, hematoma, minor mucosal disruption without exposed cartilage; nondisplaced fracture; varying degrees of airway compromise

Front 41

Schaefer-Fuhrman Classification of Laryngeal Trauma Group 3 (Cummings, page 973)

Back 41

Massive edema, large mucosal lacerations, exposed cartilage; displaces fracture(s); vocal cord immobility

Front 42

Schaefer-Fuhrman Classification of Laryngeal Trauma Group 4 (Cummings, page 973)

Back 42

Same as group 3 but more severe with:

Severe mucosal disruption

Disruption of the anterior commissure

Unstable fracture, two or more fracture lines

Front 43

Schaefer-Fuhrman Classification of Laryngeal Trauma Group 5 (Cummings, page 973)

Back 43

Complete laryngotracheal separation