Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
6 nutrients |
carbs, fats, proteins, water, vitamins, minerals |
|
|
nutrition |
process by which organism break down food for metabolism |
|
|
minerals |
chemical elements that organisms used for normal functioning |
|
|
what category are these things: calcium, iron, phosphorus, iodine |
minerals |
|
|
vitamins |
coenzymes important in biological reactions |
|
|
autotrophs |
organism capable of making their own food |
|
|
2 types of autotrophs |
photosynthetic and chemosynthetic |
|
|
heterotrophs |
organisms that cannot make their own food and must feed off of other organisms |
|
|
calorie |
amount of heat energy to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius |
|
|
1 kilocalorie = x calories |
x = 1000 |
|
|
ingestion |
taking in food |
|
|
digestion |
breaking down food |
|
|
mechanical digestion |
food is broken down by physical means such as cutting, grinding, and tearing to increase the surface area of the food prior to the chemical digestion |
|
|
chemical digestion |
large organic molecules are changed chemically to smaller organic molecules by enzymatic hydrolysis |
|
|
absorption |
the passage of materials across a cell membrane into the cell |
|
|
egestion |
the removal of undigested or indigestible material by heterotrophs. may lack specific enzymes or exposure to available enzymes may be too small |
|
|
oral cavity |
mechanical and chemical digestion |
|
|
saliva |
wet and forms bolus |
|
|
salivary amylase |
breaks down starch to maltose |
|
|
pharynx |
starts automatic swollowing reflex |
|
|
epiglottis |
prevents food and liquid from entering trachea |
|
|
esophagus |
moves food by peristalsis (contractions) |
|
|
stomach |
mechanical and chemical digestion |
|
|
mechanical digestion in stomach |
food churned and mixed |
|
|
chemical digestion in stomach |
pyloric and gastric glands |
|
|
pyloric glands |
secretes mucous, covers stomach lining, protects from digesting itself |
|
|
gastric glands |
secretes gastric juice that contains hydrochloric acid that DOES NOT HELP IN DIGESTION, ONLY HELPS KILL BACTERIA IN FOOD. the gastric glands also secret pepsin |
|
|
pepsin |
breaks down proteins |
|
|
how long does it take for liquids to pass in the stomach |
20 minutes |
|
|
how long does it take for solids to pass in the stomach |
2-6 hours, must be reduced to chyme |
|
|
chyme |
thin soupy liquid |
|
|
small intestine parts |
duodenum,jejunum, and ileum |
|
|
small intestine - site of _______ |
absorption |
|
|
where does most chemical digestion take place? |
small intestine |
|
|
villus |
fingerlike projectors that increase surface area in small intestine |
|
|
blood capillaries |
absorbs carbs and proteins |
|
|
lacteal |
absorbs fatty acids and glycerol |
|
|
pancreatic juice |
contains amylase, protease, and lipase |
|
|
amylase |
salt to maltose |
|
|
protease |
proteins |
|
|
lipase |
fats |
|
|
bile |
produced in liver and stored in gall bladder |
|
|
emulsification |
mechanical breakdown of fats |
|
|
intestinal juice |
completes digestion of carbs and proteins, end products diffuse into blood |
|
|
large intestine |
no digestion, reabsorption of water and absorption of vitamins |
|
|
rectum |
stores fecal matter |
|
|
anus |
removes fecal matter |
|
|
ulcers |
erosion of stomach lining |
|
|
constipation |
too much water is absorbed |
|
|
diarrhea |
not enough water is absorbed |
|
|
appendicitis |
inflammation of the appendix |
|
|
gallstones |
an accumulation of hardened cholesterol deposits in the gall bladder |
