Hesi A2 Biology Biological Molecules

Front 1

what are carbs also called

Back 1

saccharides

Front 2

what are carbs composed of

Back 2

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Front 3

what are the most abundant classes of biomolecules

Back 3

carbs

Front 4

what is the source of energy for the body

Back 4

carbs

Front 5

what does carbohydrate literally stand for

Back 5

hydrates of carbon

Front 6

what is a monosaccharide

Back 6

a simple sugar

Front 7

what is the simplest form of a carb

Back 7

monosaccharide

Front 8

which carb cannot be further broken down by hydrolysis

Back 8

monosaccharide

Front 9

what is the building block of more complex sugars

Back 9

monosaccharides

Front 10

what are the three monosaccharides

Back 10

fructose, glucose, ribose

Front 11

what is injested and then converted to glucose by the liver

Back 11

FRUCTOSE

Front 12

what is the most important carbohydrate fuel in human cells

Back 12

glucose

Front 13

why is glucose the most important fuel

Back 13

its small size and solubility allos passage through cell membrane

Front 14

what is released when glucose is metabolized

Back 14

energy

Front 15

what is the main sugar metabolized by the body for enery

Back 15

glucose

Front 16

what does ribose unit form

Back 16

rna

Front 17

what does deoxyribose unit form

Back 17

dna

Front 18

what are disaccharides composed of

Back 18

two monosacs.

Front 19

what is the bond in between two monosacs that form disacs

Back 19

glycosidic bond

Front 20

what are the three disacs

Back 20

sucrose, lactose, and maltose

Front 21

sucrose is found where

Back 21

table sugar

Front 22

lactose is found where

Back 22

milk

Front 23

maltose is found where

Back 23

alcohol

Front 24

what are oligosaccharides

Back 24

carbs that contain more than two simple sugars. c

Front 25

how many sugar units does an oligosac contain

Back 25

3 to ten

Front 26

what are polysacs

Back 26

complex carbs with thousands of sugar units

Front 27

what is starch considered

Back 27

a carb in plants

Front 28

what are lipids not soluble in

Back 28

water

Front 29

which compound is hydrophobic

Back 29

lipids

Front 30

what are fats and oils comprised of

Back 30

glycerol, and three fatty acids.

Front 31

glycerol, and three fatty acids.

Back 31

triglycerides

Front 32

which triglycerides are solid and which are liqui

Back 32

fats are solid oils are liquid

Front 33

saturated fats are from where

Back 33

animals

Front 34

what bonds are in saturated bonds

Back 34

single- they have the maximum allowable hydrogens on each carbon

Front 35

which are solid in room temperature, saturated or unsat

Back 35

saturated

Front 36

which bonds are in unsaturated fats

Back 36

double- not the maximum amount of hydrogens

Front 37

what are phospholipids composed of

Back 37

two fatty acids, a glyceral, a polar molecule and a phsophate group

Front 38

which region is hydrophobic in phospholipid

Back 38

carbon tail end

Front 39

which phospholipid region is hydrophilic

Back 39

the heads

Front 40

how are steroids arranged

Back 40

four fused ring like structures

Front 41

examples of steroids-5

Back 41

cholesterol, progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone and cortisone

Front 42

hwat produces hormones in the body

Back 42

endocrine glands of the body

Front 43

how do hormones travel in the body

Back 43

they are released into the bloodstream to different parts of the body

Front 44

what do hormones target for what

Back 44

specific cells for specific responses

Front 45

describe the 4 steps of steroid interactions

Back 45

-pass through the membrane of the target cell
binds with a specific receptor in the cytoplasm
The receptor bound steroid hormone travels into the nucleus and binds to another specific receptor on the chromatin.
The steroid hormone-receptor complex calls for the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, which code for the production of proteins.

Front 46

what are lipoproteins

Back 46

proteins and lipids tangled together

Front 47

what lipoproteins do

Back 47

carry lipids and cholesterol around in our blood

Front 48

what are the two types of cholesterol

Back 48

LDL and Hdl

Front 49

which cholesterol is good

Back 49

HDL

Front 50

how are proteins constructed

Back 50

from 20 amino acids

Front 51

what is a protein

Back 51

amino acid linked with other amino acids

Front 52

what are three functions of protein

Back 52

enzymes, antibodies, and supports

Front 53

numerous amino acids in proteins are also called
two amino acids are called

Back 53

polypeptides
dipeptides

Front 54

what type of bond does a protein have

Back 54

polypeptide

Front 55

fibrous proteins look like what

Back 55

long, thready and asymmetric

Front 56

what is the contents of fibrous proteins and what is its bond

Back 56

peptide chains held together by a strong intermolecular h bond

Front 57

what is the solubility of fibrous proteins

Back 57

insoluble in water but soluble in acids and alkalis

Front 58

examples of fibrous proteins 3

Back 58

ketatin fibroin and collagen

Front 59

globular protein appearance

Back 59

sperical oval

Front 60

what type of bonding occurs in globular proteins

Back 60

weak intramolecular h bonds

Front 61

solubility of globular proteins

Back 61

soluble in water

Front 62

4 examples of globular proteins

Back 62

insulin, casein, egg albumin, myoglobin and antibodies