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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How much of England's exports were made up by cloth ? |
over 80% |
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How much land did the church own in this period ? |
1/3 |
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What was the population of England in 1485 ? |
3 million. |
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What percentage of the population lived rurally? |
90% |
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How many people lived in London in this period? |
60,000 |
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What is enclosure farming ? |
closing off land from open fields, in doing so ending common land rights. |
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What is the opposite of enclosure farming ? |
arable farming. |
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When was the Battle of Bosworth ? |
1485. |
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What family was Henry VII apart of ? |
Lancaster |
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What were the sides in the War of the Roses ? |
York and Lancaster. |
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What was Henry VII's link to the crown ? |
He was a nephew of Henry VI. |
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How did Henry VII help mull the rivalry between Yorkists and Lancastrians ? |
Married Elizabeth of York. |
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How did Henry VII time his marriage and why ? |
he ensured his coronation occurred before his marriage, so no one could say he became king because of his wife. |
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How did Henry date his reign and why ? |
He dated it the day before the battle of Bosworth which allowed him to treat the supporters of Richard III as traitors. |
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How was Henry VII lucky in handling the nobility? |
Many key nobles had died in the War of the Roses, meaning their families had either ceased to exist and their land been absorbed by the crown or they were now ruled by children. |
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What are Attainders ? |
Special laws passed by parliament allowing someone to be declared guilty of treason without trial. |
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How many attainders did Henry pass and how many were reversed ? |
Passed 138, reversed 46. |
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How did Henry use Attainders ? |
To seize the titles and possessions of nobles suspected of disloyalty. |
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How much did the quantity of nobles fall by in Henry VII's reign ? |
1/4 |
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Why did Henry not give out much land in his reign ? |
didn't want to create a new group of nobles who could rise against him. |
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What was retaining ? |
The process of nobles keeping large numbers of men as personal staff, allowing them to have their own private army. |
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What was a financial bond ? |
An agreement that placed a noble in financial debt to the crown to ensure loyalty. |
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What is an extreme example of a financial bond? |
1507 Lord Burgavenny was convicted of illegal retaining of 471 men and fined 70,000. This would ruin him so Henry instead placed him under a bond where he paid 5000 a year over ten years. He was not allowed to enter his south-east land until this debt was settled. |
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What did Henry VII use parliament for ? |
Passing laws and to vote additional taxes when needed. |
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What was the income of Henry VII by the time of his death ? |
20 times greater than the wealthiest nobles in England. |
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What year was the Lord Lovel and Stafford's rebellion ? |
1486 |
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How significant was the Lord Lovel and Stafford's rebellion ? |
Not very: no foreign support, poor leadership, limited Yorkist support, overpowered by King's forces. Humphrey Stafford executed, Thomas Stafford pardoned, Lord Lovel escaped. |
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When was the Lambert Simnel rebellion ? |
1487. |
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How significant was the Lambert Simnel rebellion ? |
Moderate: foreign support from Margret of Burgundy (German and Irish mercenaries), stronger leadership, no Yorkist support (appointment of the earl of Northumberland), defeated at the Battle of Stoke field (king had greater numbers). Earl of Lincoln died (battle) Lambert Simnel made to work in kitchens (age) |
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When was the Perkin Warbeck rebellion ? |
1491 |
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How significant was the Perkin Warbeck rebellion ? |
Somewhat: Good foreign support (Margret of Burgundy, France, Ireland, Scotland, Maximillian of the HRE), no support within England (actively drove him out), some support in Scotland, bad leadership, was easily defeated by kings men. |
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How did Henry deal with Perkin Warbeck ? |
Was allowed to stay at court, he ran away but was recaptured, imprisoned, tried to escape again, hanged in 1499. |
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How significant was the De La Pole brothers
rebellion ? |
Not: some foreign support (Margret of Burgundy and Maximillian) lacked numbers, low support in England as few Yorkists remained, bad quality of leadership, no battle occurred. |
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What happened to the De La Pole Brothers ? |
Edmund was imprisoned and later executed, Richard died in exile in battle. |
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Who did Henry grant patronage to ? |
Those lower down the social hierarchy, creating people solely reliant on Henry for their status and power. |
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What was the punishment for illegal retaining ? |
5 pounds per month per illegal retainer. |
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What was needed for a noble to be able to retain ? |
A special license from parliament. |
