Hemostasis And Thrombosis

Front 1

Coagulation

Back 1

Process that leads to fibrin formation

Front 2

Hemostasis

Back 2

Coagulation that occurs in a physiological setting and results in sealing a break in the vasculature

Front 3

Thrombosis

Back 3

Coagulation that occurs jna pathological setting that leads to localized intravascular clotting and potential occlusion of a vessel

Front 4

Thrombosis

Back 4

Increase Pro Coagulation

Front 5

Bleeding

Back 5

Increase Anti Coagulation

Front 6

Primary Hemostasis

Back 6

Involves action of blood vessels and platelets

Front 7

Primary Hemostasis

Back 7

Usually occurs within 3-5 minutes

Front 8

Primary Hemostasis

Back 8

End product: formation of platelet plug that provides surface phospholipods for coagulation

Front 9

Primary Hemostasis

Back 9

Important events are platet adhesion, activation, secretion, aggregation

Front 10

Secondary Hemostasis

Back 10

Involves interaction of coagulation factors

Front 11

Secondary Hemostasis

Back 11

End product: stable fibrin clot

Front 12

Secondary Hemostasis

Back 12

Usually occurs within 10-30 minutes

Front 13

Factor XIII

Back 13

longest half-life

Front 14

Factor VII

Back 14

Shortest half-life

Front 15

Factor XII, XI, IX, VIII

Back 15

Intrinsic pathway

Front 16

Factor III, VII

Back 16

Extrinsic pathway

Front 17

Factors X, V, I, II

Back 17

Common pathway

Front 18

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor

Back 18

Primary inhibitor of blood coagulation

Front 19

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor

Back 19

If excess, may result to severe bleeding

Front 20

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor

Back 20

Targets Factor VII and Xa

Front 21

Antithrombin III

Back 21

Non-Vitamin K dependent protease inhibitor

Front 22

Antithrombin III

Back 22

Major inhibitor of Thrombin/Factor IIa

Front 23

Antithrombin III

Back 23

Also inhibits Factors IXa, Xa, XIa, XIIa, Kallikrein and Plasmin

Front 24

Protein S and Protein C

Back 24

Degrades Factor Va & VIIIa

Front 25

Fibrinolysis

Back 25

Digestion of fibrin clot, keeps vascular system free of deposited fibrin

Front 26

Fibrinolysis

Back 26

Occurs when plasminogen is converted to plasmin

Front 27

Plasminogen activators

Back 27

Urokinase-like PA

Tissue-like PA

Streptokinase

Urokinase

Front 28

Dysfunctional hemostasis

Back 28

Easy bruising with induration

Front 29

Dysfunctional hemostasis

Back 29

Frequent/prolonged nosebleeds

Front 30

Dysfunctional hemostasis

Back 30

Heavy menstrual period

Front 31

Dysfunctional hemostasis

Back 31

Prolonged bleeding after surgery

Front 32

Dysfunctional hemostasis

Back 32

Prolonged/mucosal bledding after dental work

Front 33

Primary Hemostasis

Back 33

Immediate, superficial, mucosal

Front 34

Primary Hemostasis

Back 34

Petechiae, ecchymoses, more common in females

Front 35

Primary Hemostasis

Back 35

Immediate, local measures effective

Front 36

Secondary Hemostasis

Back 36

Delayed, deep joints

Front 37

Secondary Hemostasis

Back 37

Ecchymoses, hematoma, hemarthroses, only in males

Front 38

Secondary Hemostasis

Back 38

Requires sustained systemic therapy

Front 39

Vascular Bleeding Disorders

Back 39

Characterized by easy bruising and spontaneous bleeding from small vessels

Front 40

Vascular Bleeding Disorders

Back 40

With underlying abnormality in either vessel, bleeding - purpura, standard screening tests are normal

Front 41

Thrombocytopenia

Back 41

Decreased platelet production, increased destruction, platelet sequestration by spleen, and dilution of platelet count

Front 42

Thombocytosis

Back 42

Mucosal bleeding, petechiae, persistent bleeding from skin

Front 43

Immune Thrombocutopenic Purpura

Back 43

Decreased platelet count, normal PBS, Proliferation of megakaryocytes in BM biopsy

Front 44

Oral Corticosteroids

Back 44

First line of treatment for ITP

Front 45

Splenectomy

Back 45

Indicated for patients < 60 years old

Front 46

IV-Ig; Anti-RhD

Back 46

For immediate surgical intervention

Front 47

Plasma pheresis

Back 47

Removes antibodues to lower antibodies in circulation

Front 48

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Back 48

Production of autoantibodies to Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa

Front 49

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Back 49

Clinical syndrome wih high mortality that is by formation of microthrombi in microvasculature

Front 50

Thombotic Thombocytopenic Purpura

Back 50

Pentad of severe thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, fever, confusion, renal disease

Front 51

Thombotic Thombocytopenic Purpura

Back 51

Hematologic emrgency more common in females

Front 52

Thombotic Thombocytopenic Purpura

Back 52

Deficiency of metalloprotease ADAMTS13 that cleaves vWF

Front 53

Thombotic Thombocytopenic Purpura

Back 53

Decreased platelet count, presence of schistocytes/helmet cells and reticulocytosis in PBS, (-) Coomb's test, inc. LDH, B1, dec. Haptoglobin

Front 54

Therapeutic plasma exchange

Back 54

Standard of treatment for TTP

Front 55

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Back 55

Common in children at 6 mos.-4 years of age

Front 56

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Back 56

More pronounced acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytoc anemia, thrombocytopenia

Front 57

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Back 57

Associated with enterohemorrhagic diarrhea and E. coli O157:H7

Front 58

Supportive; Dialysis

Back 58

Treatment for HUS

Front 59

Hemophilia

Back 59

X-linked recessive hemorrhagic disease due to mutation in thw F8 gene or F9

Front 60

Hemophilia A

Back 60

Most common hereditary clotting factor deficiency

Front 61

Hemophilia

Back 61

Prolonged APTT with males clinically affected

Front 62

Hemophilia A

Back 62

Profuse post-circumcision hemorrhage, joint and soft tissue bleeds and excessive bruising

Front 63

Hemophilia A

Back 63

Recurrent painful hemathroses and muscle hematomas, entrapment neuropathy or necrosis

Front 64

Hemophilia A

Back 64

Spontaneous hematuria and GI hemorrhage

Front 65

Hemophilia A

Back 65

Prolonged aPTT, Factor VIII clotting assay, normal platelet count and function and PT

Front 66

FVIII Replacement Therapy

Back 66

Treatment for Hemophilia

Front 67

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy

Back 67

Widespread intravascular firbrin formation

Front 68

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy

Back 68

Main clinical presentation: Bleeding

Front 69

Acute DIC

Back 69

Sudden exposure of blood coagulants

Front 70

Chronic DIC

Back 70

Reflects compensated state

Front 71

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy

Back 71

Decreased platelet count, red cell fragmentation syndrome on PBS, decreased fibrogen, prolonged PT, APTT, Thombin time, high levels of D-dimer