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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hematopoiesis
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formation of all blood cells
= lymphopoiesis + myelopoiesis + erythropoesis + thrombopoiesis |
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erythropoiesis progression
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proerythroblast
reticulocyte (lost nucleus) mature RBC |
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erythropoiesis regulation
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erythropoietin is the main regulator
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granulopoiesis progression
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myeloblast -> promyelocyte -> myelocyte -> metamyelocyte -> band neutrophil -> segmented neutrophil
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granulopoesis lifespan
what is a complication of chemo? how to stimulate granulopoesis? |
10-14 days
chemo will prevent granulopoesis, won't see effects after 14 days when the circulating granulocytes die use GM-CSF to speed up production |
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myeloblast vs promyelocyte
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promyelocytes have more cytoplasm and have granules
promyelocytes express myeloperoxidase |
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pelger huet cell
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hyposegmented neutrophil (2 or less lobes)
indicates myelodysplastic syndrome or leukemia |
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hypersegmented neutrophil
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5 or more lobes in neutrophil
indicates megaloblastic anemia due to B12 or folate def |
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lymphocyte morphology
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nucleus size of RBC
little cytoplasm - cytoplasm will increase in pathology |
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plasma cell morphology
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terminal stage of b-cell
perinuclear pale area - golgi apparatus fried egg look |
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reticulocyte morphology
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lots of ribosomes still left over from production of hemoglobin - appear as granules in a RBC
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what does lots of reticulocytes mean
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it means BM is trying to produce more blood cells - indicates BM is working
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thrombopoietin
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increases maturation of megakaryocytes
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T/F: body maintains platelet number
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False - maintains platelet mass
enlarged spleen - low platelet count |
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myelodysplastic syndrome
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failed bone marrow to develop normally functioning blood cells - ineffective hematopoiesis
still make cells, but those cells are nonfunctional |
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Myelodysplastic syndrome pathogenesis
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stem cell mutation
mutated stem cell proliferates, normal stem cells become inhibited ineffective hematopoiesis, lots of apoptosis, decreased peripheral blood cells |
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myelodysplastic syndrome causes
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aging - elderly mostly affected
chemotherapy |
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5q- syndrome (myelodysplastic syndrome)
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normal platelet, better prognosis, responds to drug treatment
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diagnostic cells for myelodysplastic syndrome
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micromegakaryoctes and pelger-huet celss
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myelodysplastic syndrome increases risk of
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acute myelogenous leukemia
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Vidaza Treatment
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therapy for myelodysplastic syndrome
antineoplastic effects - hypomethylates DNA and kills abnormal hematopoietic cells |
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Myelodysplastic syndrome treatment
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bone marrow transplant in young patients
vidaza - drug kills abnormal hematopoietic cells, prevents transition to leukemia Revlimid - 5q- syndrome only |
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Revlimid Treatment
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5q- syndrome
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