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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Medications that cause anemia
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methyldopa - RBC ab/hemolysis
choloroquine, sulfa drugs - G6PD phenytoin- megaloblastic anemia choloramphenicol - aplastic anemia |
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Bite Cells
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Hemolytic Anemia
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BAsophilic Stippling
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Lead poisioning
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Heinz Bodies
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G6PD deficinecy
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Howell-Jolly Bodies
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Asplenia/spenic dysfunction
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iron inclusions in RBC's of bone marrow
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sideroblastic anemia
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tear drop shaped RBC's
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myelofibrosis
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acanthocytes/spur cells
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abetalipoproteinimia
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echinocytes/burr cells
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uremia
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polychromasia
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reticulocytosis
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schistocytes, helmet cells, fragmented RBC's
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intravascular hemolysis
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Microcytic Anemia
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Thalassemia/hemoglobinopathy
iron deficiency sideroblastic anemia Anemai of chronic dz lead poisoining |
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Normocytic Anemia
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acute blood loss, hemolytic, medications
cancer, ACD, aplastic anemia, renal failure |
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Macrocytic Anemia
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folate def
b12 def meds - methotrexate, phenytoin cirrhosis/liver dz |
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Fe defiency
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low Fe
low ferritin elevated TIBC low TIBC saturation |
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Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
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esophageal web producing ysphagia, iron deficiency anemia, and glossitis
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Signs of B- thalassemia
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elevated hemoglobin A2 and F
target cells,nucleated RBC's, xrzys showing crew cut apperance, splenomegaly |
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Dx of thalassemia
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hemoglobin electrophoresis
alpha thalessemai symptomatic at birth, beta sympotomatic at 6 mos Fe levels are normal |
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Tx for thalassemia
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as needed transfusions and iron chelation therapy to prevent hemochromatosis
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Sideroblasttic anemia
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disturbed mito metabolism--> adequate Fe but cannot incoprate into Hb; increased or nl Fe, ferritin and TIBC saturation; "ringed sideroblasts" in the bone marrow
May respond to pyridoxine |
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Anemia of Chronic Dz
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low Fe, TIBC, elevated ferritin
seen in dz that cause chronic inflamm RA, lupus, cancer, TB |
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Medications that cause lupus
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procainamide
hydralizine isoniazid |
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Tx of sickle crisis
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oxygen
IV fluids analgesics |
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Dx of spherocytosis
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positive osmotic fragility test
increased mean corpuscualr hemoglobin (small rbc's w/ absent central pallor) |
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G6PD deficiency
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sudden hemolysis and anemai following fava bean or drug exposure (anti-malarials, salicylates, sulfa drugs) dx with RBC enzyme assay
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Fresh Frozen Plasma
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contains all clotting factorsused when cannot wait for vit K to take effect or vit K will not work (liver failure)
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cyroprecipitate
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contains fibrinogen and factor 8
used in von Willebrand Dz and DC |
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DIC
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elevated PT, PTT, BT, FDP, positive D-dimer
decreases in fibrin and clotting factors |
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Extrinsic pathway
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warfarin/K
depends on factors 2, 7, 9,10 |
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Intrinsic Pathway
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heparin/protamine
hemophilia A - decreased Factor 8 Hemophilia B - decreased Factor 9 |
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ITP
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watch for preceding URI, elevated BT, low platelet count
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TTP
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homolysis, CNS symptoms. elevated BT, low paltelet counts and RBC counts
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