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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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smallest detectable tumor by x-ray/PEx is:
a. 1 millimeter b. 1 centimeter c. 1 inch |
B.
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1 centimeter of a tumor has ___ cells, whereas a tumor of ___ cells is lethal.
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10^9;10^13
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_____ ______ is the most important determinant of tumor enlargement.
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growth fraction (proportion of cancer cells actively proliferating)
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what determines how sensitive tumor cells are to chemotherapy?
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whether or not tumor has high or low growth fraction
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What is the log-kill hypothesis?
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the killing of a FRACTION of cells rather than an absolute # per dose
(in other words, each time the chemotherapy dose is repeated, the same PROPORTION of cells not the same absolute number, is killed) |
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T or F. the disappearance of tumor by physical exam and radiological studies can be considered in clinical complete remission
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T (there may still be 10^8 cells that can't be imaged by conventional technology)
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In which animal study phase are the trials of the novel drug compared to the drug used for current therapy?
a. Phase I b. Phase II c. Phase III |
C
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In which animal study phase is toxicity evaluated, and maximally tolerated dose determined?
a. Phase I b. Phase II c. Phase III |
A
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Which phase of animal studies is the goal to evaluate response of a tumor to a given drug (to see whether or not the drug actually shrinks tumor)?
a. Phase I b. Phase II c. Phase III |
B
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Unless the pt has a highly responsive tumor to chemo, if they present with ECOG grade of ___ or higher, they are unlikely to respond to therapy.
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2
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what is the difference b/w adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy?
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adjuvant = performing chemo AFTER surgery or radiation therapy on tumor to wipe out left over cancer cells
neoadjuvant = doing chemo PRIOR to surgery or radiation therapy to size down the tumor and help in making the surgery/radiation procedure easier |
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In this type of therapy, you use drugs with different mechanisms of actions or those that act on different phases of the cell cycle to maximize cell kill:
a. adjuvant chemotherapy b. neoadjuvant chemotherapy c. combination chemotherapy d. maintenance chemotherapy e. induction chemo f. consolidation chemo |
C (example: MOPP for hodgkin's dz)
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This type of chemo is used initially as a high dose therapy to place pts in clinical remission:
a. adjuvant chemotherapy b. neoadjuvant chemotherapy c. combination chemotherapy d. maintenance chemotherapy e. induction chemo f. consolidation chemo |
E.
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This type of chemotherapy uses drugs different than those used in induction therapy, trying to eradicate tumor cells that were resistant to the induction regimen:
a. adjuvant chemotherapy b. neoadjuvant chemotherapy c. combination chemotherapy d. maintenance chemotherapy e. induction chemotherapy f. consolidation chemotherapy |
F.
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type of chemotherapy that is given orally over a long period of time (2-3 years) to kill of and prevent cancer cells that may have been resistant to prior therapy.
a. adjuvant chemotherapy b. neoadjuvant chemotherapy c. combination chemotherapy d. maintenance chemotherapy e. induction chemotherapy f. consolidation chemotherapy |
D.
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Induction, consolidation, and maintenance chemotherapy is a strategy most likely used in:
a. acute myelogenous leukemia b. chronic myelogenous leukemia c. acute lymphocytic leukemia d. chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
C. it is usually only used in ALL with children.
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How does a bone marrow transplant or peripheral stem cell rescue help cancer therapy?
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by giving these transplants, you can do higher dose chemotherapy to kill off more cancer cells and not have to worry about life-threatening bone marrow toxicity of the chemo
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to reach 10^9 cells, a tumor has undergone ___ doublings.
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30
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the faster the doubling time:
a. the higher the cure rate for chemotherapy b. the lower the cure rate for chemotherapy |
A. chemotherapy works better against cells that are growing faster.
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the tumor is best killed by chemo when:
a. its in the exponential growth phase b. its in the plateau phase (due to hypoxia and less nutrition supply to cells) |
A.
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when growth fraction is low:
a. chemo works better (high response to chemo, more cells killed) b. chemo works worse (low response to chemo, less cells killed) |
B.
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Total disappearnce of tumors by labs, imaging, and PE is defined by:
a. clinical complete response b. pathological complete remission c. partial response |
A.
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no living/cancer cells in biopsy of the cancer site is defined by:
a. clinical complete response b. pathological complete remission c. partial response |
B.
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greater than 50% decrease in tumor perpendicular diameters
a. clinical complete response b. pathological complete remission c. partial response d. minor response |
C.
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greater than 25%, but less than 50% decrease in measurable tumor size
a. clinical complete response b. pathological complete remission c. partial response d. minor response |
d.
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why does a successful surgery of tumor cells not ensure 100% survival rate?
what do you have to do? |
micrometastasis (cancers could have 10^8 cells elsewhere)...so you have to give chemotherapy to kill off these cells post-surgery (this is called adjuvant chemotherapy).
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in which cancers is neoadjuvant chemo helpful?
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large breast cancer, bulky colorectal cancer, osteogenic
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what is neoadjuvant chemotherapy and what 2 reasons do you use neoadjuvant chemotherapy?
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chemo that's given BEFORE surgery in order to: 1) shrink tumor to make it more operable, and 2) to already be treating the micromets
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