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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) |
- poor digestive system (absorb host nutrients) - reduced nervous system - locomotion reduced or lacking - complex reproductive cycle - flukes and tapeworms |
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Flukes |
- trematodes - one opening digestive tract - mollusk (snail) intermediate host - Schistosoma (snail → larva to skin) |
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Tapeworm |
- Cestoda - no digestive tract - hermaphrodite proglottids - scolex |
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Proglottid |
each segment contain complete sexually mature reproductive system |
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Scolex |
anterior end of a tapeworm, bearing suckers and hooks for attachment. |
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Tapeworm Lifecycle |
1 - ingest larva (beef, fish, pork): taenia species 2 - cysticercosis if ingest eggs |
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Nematode (roundworms) |
- hydrostatic skeleton - complete digestive tract (mouth and anus) 1 - elephantiasis (lymphatic filariasis) 2 - anisakis (sushi) 3 - guinea worm (cyclops host in H2O) 4 - onchocerca (black fly vector) → skin, blindness |
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Cercarial Dermatitis |
swimmers itch |
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Infective egg |
- fecal-oral route for eggs - egg hatches in intestine - adults in human intestine - lay eggs |
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Infective Larva |
- guinea worm: ingest water w/larvae infected copepods - trichinella: from eating raw pork containing cysts - elephantiasis: from bite of infected mosquito - river blindness: from bite of black fly |
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Fungi |
- Eukaryotic - multicellular except yeast - mushrooms, molds, yeasts - CW = chitin - more closely related to animals than to plants so infections difficult to treat |
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Sterol in Plasma Membrane |
- ergosterol - target for amphotericin B |
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Chemoheterotrophs |
- absorb food |
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Fungi can reproduce... |
asexually and sexually = spores germinate to form hypha |
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Fungal body is a mass... |
hyphae (mycelium) |
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Fungi Functions/Benefits |
- decomposers: recycle nutrients - antibiotics target peptidoglycan CW : penicillium, cephalosporium - Lichen - Mycorrhizae = plant roots+fungi - Yeast in food |
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Lichen |
mutualistic symbiotic between algae and fungus - colonize new areas |
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Saccharomyces |
Sugar fermented to ethanol + CO2 gas |
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Mycotoxins |
- toxins: liver failure or cell death - hallucinogenic or psychoactive substances |
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Amanita toxin |
affects RNA polymerase |
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Aflatoxin |
Found on agricultural crops |
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Ergot thought to be related to... |
Salem witch trials |
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How do fungi cause disease? |
1. Allergic reaction 2. Mycotoxin ingestion 3. Infection (mycosis) |
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Myco- |
fungus |
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Superficial Mycosis |
causes patchy skin color by hypo/hyperpigmentation - skin disorder |
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Cutaneous Mycosis |
Tineas - Ringworm: direct contact Dermatophyte (require keratin) |
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Subcutaneous Mycosis |
Sporotrichosis - aquire through puncture wound - rose gardener's disease - madura foot |
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Systemic Mycois |
- inhale spores Ex: histoplasmosis, coccidioides |
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Histoplasmosis |
Mold: nitrogen rich bird and bat droppings - lungs: lymph and blood to other organs - grows as yeast: dimorphic (2 forms) |
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Opportunistic Mycosis |
- candidiasis - thrush, vaginitis, diaper rash - can be transmitted person to person - Pneumocytosis |
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Chytrids |
- infects amphibian skin (amphibians die) |
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White-nose syndrome |
- bats - geomyces destructions |
