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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acetylcholine |
•Slows the heart •Opens potassium ion channels in the SA node cells •Causes the pacemaker potential to depolarize more quickly |
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Action of contracting the left ventricle |
The apex moves upward therefore the distance from the ape to the base decreases. |
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Atrial reflex |
•Triggered by increasing venous return and by atrial mechanoreceptors •Also called the Bainbridge reflex •Depends on sympathetic innervation |
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Atrium |
Collects blood and pumps blood into ventricles. |
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Blocked connection between the SA node and AV node |
Causes the ventricles to beat more slowly. |
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Calcium Channel Blockers |
Used to: •Decrease blood pressure •Produce a negative inotropic effect •Dilate coronary arteries •Decrease the force of cardiac contraction |
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Cardiac cycle |
•The QRS complex of the EVG precedes the increase in ventricular pressure •The first heart sound coincides with the QRS complex •Rate 60 beats/min lasts 1 sec |
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Cardiac Muscle |
At least half of the calcium required for contraction comes from the outside cell. |
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Cardiac Output |
•Increased by more sympathetic stimulation •Increased stoke volume |
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Cardiac Tamponade |
Caused by excess fluid in the pericardial cavity. |
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Closed Semilunar valves |
When SL valves are closed the AV valves are open. |
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Compression of the inferior vena cava just below the diaphragm |
The sympathetic stimulation of the heart would increase. |
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Diastole |
Relaxation and/or filling. |
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Fast depolarization phase of cardiac muscle |
D/T the increased membrane permeability to sodium ions. |
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Heart murmur |
May be caused by: •Aortic valve stenosis •Mitral valve insufficiency •Pulmonic valve insufficiency |
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Increased Stroke Volume |
•Decreased diastolic pressure •Increased venous return |
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Infarction |
Damages cardiac cells will show: Release of: 1. Enzymes into circulation 2. MB-CK 3. Troponin T and I, and 4. Switch to anaerobic respiration |
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Intercalated Discs |
Transfer action potentials, ionic currents, and action potentials from cell to cell. |
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Leaking Tricuspid Valve during systole |
Would cause a diastolic murmur |
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Left atrium |
Where blood from the pulmonary circuit returns to the heart. |
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Long plateau of cardiac muscle |
D/T the calcium channels remaining open. |
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Medulla oblongata |
Contains neurons in the cardiovascular center that control heart rate. |
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P wave |
Depolarization of the atria |
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Pacemaker cells |
•Found in the SA node •Show spontaneous depolarization and are connected by gap junctions to atrial myocytes |
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Papillary muscles |
Contract to prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria. |
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Prolapsed Mitral Valve |
•Would cause an increased effort by the left ventricle •A systolic murmur |
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Pulmonary semilunar valve |
Prevents backward flow into the right ventricle. |
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QRS complex |
•Depolarization of the ventricles •Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would change the shape of the QRS complex |
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Right atrium |
Where blood returns to the heart from the system circulation. |
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Starling's Law |
An increase in end-diastolic volume increases the stroke volume. |
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Stroke Volume |
The amount of blood ejected from each ventricle during contraction Depends on: •The pressure required to pump blood into the atria •The contractility of the ventricle •The end diastolic volume |
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Systole |
Contraction and/or ejection. |
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T wave |
•Ventricular repolarization •The ventricles are repolarizing and relaxing |
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Tetanic muscle contractions |
DO NOT occur in normal cardiac muscle because: The refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes. |
