Heart Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

Aorta

Back 1

- Largest artery in body
- Function: high pressure, pumps oxygenated blood to body

Front 2

Apex

Back 2

- Triangular point of heart
- Mostly left ventricle, some right ventricle

Front 3

Auricles

Back 3

- Left/right auricles look like flap
- Function: helps atria expand/collapse and hold more blood

Front 4

Base

Back 4

- Top of heart
- Includes left and right atria (mostly left)

Front 5

Right coronary artery

Back 5

Drains into right atrium
Branches into:
- Marginal artery
- Posterior interventricular artery

Front 6

Marginal artery

Back 6

Nourishes right ventricular myocardium

Front 7

Posterior interventricular artery

Back 7

Nourishes posterior myocardium

Front 8

Left coronary artery

Back 8

- VERY important because it goes to the left ventricle
Branches into:
- Anterior interventricular artery
- Circumflex artery

Front 9

Anterior interventricular artery

Back 9

AKA: left anterior descending artery
- nourishes anterior interventricular septum and anterior myocardium

Front 10

Cardiac veins

Back 10

- Great cardiac vein
- Posterior vein (of the left ventricle)
- Middle cardiac
- Small cardiac
- Coronary sinus

Front 11

Circumflex artery

Back 11

Nourishes posterior left (ventricular) myocardium

Front 12

Great cardiac vein

Back 12

drains anterior interventricular artery

Front 13

Posterior vein (of the left ventricle)

Back 13

drains circumflex artery

Front 14

Middle cardiac vein

Back 14

drains posterior interventricular artery

Front 15

Small cardiac vein

Back 15

drains marginal artery

Front 16

Coronary sinus

Back 16

receives deoxygenated blood from cardiac veins and empties into right atrium

Front 17

Coronary sulcus (atrioventricular sulcus)

Back 17

- groove that divides atrium and ventricles
- houses coronary vessels

Front 18

Epicardium

Back 18

Same as visceral pericardium
- slippery serous membrane surrounding the heart (reduces friction)

Front 19

Inferior vena cava

Back 19

think "vein"
- drains trunk, lower extremities (legs)

Front 20

Interventricular sulcus

Back 20

- groove that divides the ventricles

Front 21

Ligamentum arteriosum

Back 21

scar tissue that used to be open where blood went pulmonary trunk to aorta;
after birth, hormones released and separated (used to be Ductus arteriosum)

Front 22

Parietal pericardium

Back 22

with the visceral pericardium, it forms the pericardial cavity (which is serous membrane-bound with serous fluid)

Front 23

Pericardial cavity

Back 23

Space between visceral and parietal pericardium (holds pericardial serous fluid)

Front 24

Pericardial sac

Back 24

Visceral pericardium + Parietal pericardium + Pericardial (serous) fluid

Front 25

Pulmonary trunk

Back 25

artery that comes out of the right ventricle (carries blood away from heart to the lungs); divides into R/L pulmonary arteries

Front 26

Pulmonary arteries

Back 26

Branches from the pulmonary trunk and goes towards each lung (R/L)
- Function: delivers blood to lungs

Front 27

Pulmonary veins

Back 27

- Delivers oxygenated blood from lungs to heart, into the left atrium

Front 28

Right and left atrium

Back 28

Low pressure, receives blood (right receives deoxygenated; left receives oxygenated)

Front 29

Right and left ventricle

Back 29

High pressure, pumps blood (right pumps to lungs; left pumps to body)

Front 30

Superior vena cava

Back 30

Systemic vein drains head and upper extremities (arms)

Front 31

Visceral pericardium

Back 31

SAME as EPICARDIUM

Front 32

Atrioventricular Valves

Back 32

- Tricuspid valve
- Bicuspid (Mitral) valve
- Chordae tendineae

Front 33

Tricuspid Valve

Back 33

Blood passes one-way from right atrium to right ventricle through 3 cusps

Front 34

Bicuspid Valve

Back 34

- AKA mitral
Blood passes one-way from left atrium to left ventricle through 2 cusps

Front 35

Mnemonic for Valves

Back 35

LAB RAT

Front 36

Chordae tendineae

Back 36

-Connects cusps of valves to papillary muscles;
-Prevents valve prolapse (when valves go up/backward) so blood goes one-way only

Front 37

Semilunar valves

Back 37

3 moon-shaped cusps
- Pulmonary semilunar valve
- Aortic semilunar valve

Front 38

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Back 38

allows ejection of blood from right ventricle to pulmonary trunk but prevents backflow of blood (one-way flow) into right ventricles

Front 39

Aortic semilunar valve

Back 39

allows ejection of blood from left ventricle to ascending aorta (some of the blood then flows into coronary arteries)

Front 40

Sinoatrial node

Back 40

cardiac excitation begins here; located in right atrial wall

Front 41

Atrioventricular node

Back 41

located in interatrial septum, just anterior to opening of coronary sinus

Front 42

Bundle of His

Back 42

Aka: Atrioventricular bundle
- R/L Bundle branches
- only site where APs can conduct from atria to ventricles

Front 43

Purkinje fibers

Back 43

large diameter; rapidly conduct APs beginning at apex of heart up to ventricular myocardium

Front 44

Papillary muscles

Back 44

Contract to help anchor down valves

Front 45

Trabeculae carneae

Back 45

Ridges of ventricles

Front 46

Pectinate muscles

Back 46

Ridges of atria

Front 47

Myocardium

Back 47

Tissue type

Front 48

Interventricular septum

Back 48

Dividing thin wall between ventricles (solid, no holes)

Front 49

Interatrial septum

Back 49

Divides atria

Front 50

Endocardium

Back 50

Layer that lines inside of the heart

Front 51

Opening of coronary sinus

Back 51

Inside the right atrium

Front 52

Fossa ovalis

Back 52

walled area that was formerly open between the right atrium and left atrium in the fetus (called foramen ovale when open)

Front 53

Openings of the coronary arteries

Back 53

In the ascending aorta;
when heart contracts, coronary arteries squeezed shut, no blood goes through. when heart relaxes, high pressure so blood goes through arteries

Front 54

Fibrous skeleton/ Fibrous Rings

Back 54

connective tissue that adds strength to valves