Heart, Lungs Terms

Front 1

Allen Test

Back 1

determining the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries by compressing one arterial site and observing return of skin color as evidence of patency of the other artery.

Front 2

Aortic Valve

Back 2

The left semilunar valve separating the left ventricle and the aorta.

Front 3

Aneurysm

Back 3

defect or sac formed by dilation in an artery wall due to atherosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect

Front 4

Apex of the heart

Back 4

tip of the heart pointing down toward the fifth left intercostal space

Front 5

Apical pulse

Back 5

a central pulse located at the apex of the heart

Front 6

Base of the heart

Back 6

Broader area of heart's outline located at the third right and left intercostal space.

Front 7

Bradycardia

Back 7

slow heart rate; less than 60 beats per minute in adults.

Front 8

Clubbing

Back 8

bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occur with chronic cyanotic heart and lung condition.

Front 9

Cyanosis

Back 9

dusky, blue mottling of the skin or mucous membranes due to a severe reduction in hemoglobin in the blood.

Front 10

Diastole

Back 10

the heart's filling phase.

Front 11

Dyspnea

Back 11

difficult, labored breating

Front 12

Edema

Back 12

swelling of legs or dependent body part due to increased interstitial fluid

Front 13

Erb's Point

Back 13

the third intercostal space on the left sternal border where the S2 is best auscultated.

Front 14

First Heart Sound

Back 14

occurs with closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves signalling the beginning of systole

Front 15

Precordium

Back 15

area of the chest wall overlying the heart and great vessels

Front 16

Pulmonic Valve

Back 16

right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Front 17

Second heart Sound

Back 17

occurs with closure of the semilunar valves- aortic and pulmonic- and signals the end of systole

Front 18

Syncope

Back 18

temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow (i.e., fainting), caused by ventricular asystole, pronounced bradycardia, or ventricular fibrillation.

Front 19

Systole

Back 19

the heart's pumping phase

Front 20

Tachycardia

Back 20

a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute in the adult

Front 21

Thrill

Back 21

palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying severe heart murmur

Front 22

Tricuspid Valve

Back 22

right atrioventricular (AV) valve separating the right atria and ventricle

Front 23

Diastole

Back 23

the heart's filling phase

Front 24

Femoral pulse

Back 24

pulse of the femoral artery (felt in the groin)

Front 25

Hypertension

Back 25

abnormally high blood pressure

Front 26

Jugular Vein

Back 26

any of several large veins in the neck, carrying blood from the head and face

Front 27

Jugular venous pressure

Back 27

the indirectly observed pressure over the venous system.

Front 28

Murmur

Back 28

an abnormal sound of the heart; sometimes a sign of abnormal function of the heart valves.

Front 29

Orthostatic Hypertension

Back 29

an increase in blood pressure upon assumption of upright posture.

Front 30

Popliteal pulse

Back 30

located behind the knee in the popliteal fossa; found by hold the bent knee.

Front 31

Posterior tibial pulse

Back 31

posterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery.

Front 32

Pulse deficit

Back 32

the absence of palpable pulse in a peripheral artery for one or more heart beats.

Front 33

Pulsus paradoxus

Back 33

beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspiration and stronger amplitude with expiration

Front 34

Radial pulse

Back 34

pulse of the radial artery

Front 35

Systole

Back 35

the heart's pumping phase

Front 36

Temporal Artery

Back 36

any of the three arteries on either side of the brain supplying the cortex of the temporal lobe.

Front 37

Ulnar pulse

Back 37

located on the little finger side of the wrist (ulnar artery)

Front 38

Claudication

Back 38

limping

Front 39

Arterial Insufficiency

Back 39

any condition that slows or stops the flow of blood through your arteries

Front 40

Venous Insufficiency

Back 40

condition in which the flow of blood through the veins is impaired

Front 41

Temporal Artery

Back 41

either of two branches of the maxillary artery that supply the temporalis and anastomose with the middle temporal artery - Main artery of the cranium. Palpated at temple.

Front 42

Carotid Artery

Back 42

arteries that supply the head and neck with oxygenated blood; they divide in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries. Palpated in neck.

Front 43

Brachial artery

Back 43

the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm. Palpated at medial elbow.

Front 44

Ulnar and radial artery

Back 44

The ulnar artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the medial aspect of the forearm. It arises from the brachial artery and terminates in the superficial palmar arch, which joins with the superficial branch of the radial artery. It is palpable on the anterior and medial aspect of the wrist. radial artery is the main artery of the lateral aspect of the forearm. Palpated on radial side of wrist

Front 45

Femoral Artery

Back 45

large artery in the thigh. Palpated at groin.

Front 46

Popliteal Artery

Back 46

supplies blood to the knee joint and muscles in the thigh and calf. Palpated behind knee.

Front 47

Posterior Tibial Artery

Back 47

carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot. Palpated at ankle.

Front 48

Dorsalis Pedis Pulse

Back 48

is a blood vessel of the lower limb that carries oxygenated blood to the dorsal surface of the foot. Palpated on top side of foot.

Front 49

Ischemia

Back 49

a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive). sometimes resulting from congestion (such as vasoconstriction, thrombosis or embolism

Front 50

Profile Sign

Back 50

Normally, the angle between the nail plate and the skin overlying the proximal part of the distal phalanx is about 160 degrees or less. With clubbing, proliferation of tissue under the nail plate causes this angle to increase to more than 160 degrees. In fact, the angle may be entirely lost and the nail plate and skin lie in a straight line (180-degree angle). As clubbing progresses, the angle exceeds 180 degrees. Eventually, the profile of the fingertip becomes bulbous.

Front 51

Pallor

Back 51

reduced amount of oxyhaemoglobin in skin or mucous membrane, a pale color which can be caused by illness, emotional shock or stress, stimulants. Cyanosis

Front 52

Homan's sign

Back 52

test used by nurses to indicate the possibility of a DVT or Deep Vein Thrombosis development. pain in the calf of the leg upon dorsiflexion of the foot with the leg extended.

Front 53

Bruit

Back 53

unusual sound that blood makes when it rushes past an obstruction (called turbulent flow) in an artery

Front 54

Thrombophlebitis

Back 54

phlebitis (vein inflammation) related to a thrombus (blood clot)

Front 55

Varicose Veins

Back 55

swollen, twisted, and sometimes painful veins that have filled with an abnormal collection of blood

Front 56

Adventitious sounds

Back 56

"extra" sounds such as crepitations, wheezes, pleural rubs, and stridor.

Front 57

Angle of Louis

Back 57

the anterior angle formed by the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum (the manubriosternal junction) in the form of a secondary cartilaginous joint (symphysis)

Front 58

Apnea

Back 58

Temporary absence or cessation of breathing

Front 59

Atelectasis

Back 59

defined as the collapse or closure of the lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange

Front 60

Bradypnea

Back 60

abnormally slow breathing rate

Front 61

Bronchovesicular breath sounds

Back 61

consist of a full inspiratory phase with a shortened and softer expiratory phase

Front 62

Cheyne-Stokes Respirations

Back 62

abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing.The pattern repeats, with each cycle usually taking 30 seconds to 2 minutes. It is an oscillation of ventilation between apnea and hyperpnea with a crescendo-diminuendo pattern, and is associated with changing serum partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Front 63

Costal Angle

Back 63

where the rib starts to turn (common fracture site)It is the highest point on the back (often the weakest area of a rib)

Front 64

Crackles

Back 64

are the clicking, rattling, or crackling noises that may be made by one or both lungs of a human with a respiratory disease during inhalation

Front 65

Dyspnea

Back 65

Shortness of breath or air hunger

Front 66

Hypercapnia

Back 66

Condition where there is too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. normally triggers a reflex which increases breathing and access to oxygen, such as arousal and turning the head during sleep.

Front 67

Hypoxemia

Back 67

abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood. More specifically, it refers to oxygen deficiency in arterial blood.

Front 68

Pleural friction rub

Back 68

squeaking or grating sounds of the pleural linings rubbing together[1] and can be described as the sound made by treading on fresh snow. They occur where the pleural layers are inflamed and have lost their lubrication.

Front 69

14. Resonance

Back 69

the sound produced by percussing a normal ches

Front 70

Rhonchi

Back 70

coarse rattling sound somewhat like snoring, usually caused by secretion in a bronchial airways

Front 71

stridor

Back 71

abnormal, high-pitched, musical breathing sound caused by a blockage in the throat or voice box (larynx). It is usually heard when taking in a breath.

Front 72

Tachypnea

Back 72

abnormally rapid breathing

Front 73

tactile fremitus

Back 73

vibration felt on the patient's chest during low frequency vocalization. Commonly, the patient is asked to repeat a phrase while the examiner feels for vibrations by placing a hand over the patient's chest or back. Phrases commonly used in English include, 'boy oh boy' and 'toy boat'

Front 74

trachea

Back 74

anatomical structure used for breathing, windpipe

Front 75

vesicular breath sounds

Back 75

the gentle rustling sounds of normal breathing heard by auscultation over most of the lung fields; the inspiratory phase is usually longer than the expiratory.

Front 76

wheezing

Back 76

A whistling, squeaking, musical, or puffing sound made on exhalation by air passing through the fauces, glottis, or narrowed tracheobronchial airways