Healthcare Language - Nervous (Chabner, Ch. 10)

Front 1

Cranial Nerves

Back 1

I. Olfactory
II. Optic
III. Oculomotor
IV. Trochlear
V. Trigeminal
VI. Abducens
VII. Facial
VIII. Vestibulocochlear
IX. Glossopharyngeal (Acoustic)
X. Vagus
XI. Accessory (Spinal Accessory)
XII. Hypoglossal

Front 2

Acetylcholine

Back 2

Neurotransmitter released at the end of nerve cells

Front 3

Afferent Nerve

Back 3

Out --> In, Brain and spinal cord; sensory

Front 4

Arachnoid Mater

Back 4

Middle layer of the three membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

Front 5

Astrocyte

Back 5

Type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries

Front 6

Autonomic

Back 6

Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs

Front 7

Axon

Back 7

Microscopic fiber that carries the nerve impulse along a nerve cell

Front 8

Blood-Brain Barrier

Back 8

Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out

Front 9

Brain Stem

Back 9

Lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes pons and medulla oblongata

Front 10

Cauda Equina

Back 10

Collection of spinal nerves below end of spinal cor

Front 11

Cell Body

Back 11

Contains nucleus

Front 12

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Back 12

Brain and spinal cord

Front 13

Cerebellum

Back 13

Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance

Front 14

Cerebral Cortex

Back 14

Outer region of the cerebrum, contains sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain

Front 15

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Back 15

In brain and spinal cord

Front 16

Cerebrum

Back 16

Largest part of the brain; responsible for the voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory

Front 17

Cranial Nerves

Back 17

Twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck (except for the vagus nerve)

Front 18

Dendrite

Back 18

Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse

Front 19

Dura Mater

Back 19

Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord

Front 20

Efferent Nerve

Back 20

Away from CNS; motor nerves

Front 21

Ependymal

Back 21

Glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid

Front 22

Ganglion

Back 22

Collection of nerve cell bodies in PNS

Front 23

Glial Cels

Back 23

Supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses

Front 24

Gyrus

Back 24

Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution

Front 25

Hypothalamus

Back 25

Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland

Front 26

Medulla Obongata

Back 26

Part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of BV; nerve fibers dessicate

Front 27

Meninges

Back 27

Protective membranes, surround brain and spinal cord

Front 28

Microglial Cell

Back 28

Phagocytic, removes waste from CNS

Front 29

Motor Nerve

Back 29

Carries messages away from CNS; efferent

Front 30

Myelin Sheath

Back 30

Covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell, speeds impulse conduction along axons

Front 31

Nerve

Back 31

Macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses

Front 32

Neuron

Back 32

Nerve cell carrying impulse

Front 33

Neurotransmitter

Back 33

Chemical messenger, stimulates or inhibits

Front 34

Oligodendroglial

Back 34

Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons

Front 35

Parasympathetic Nerves

Back 35

Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions; heart rate breathing, and muscles of the GI tract

Front 36

Parenchyma

Back 36

Essential distinguishing tissue of an organ (nerves and neurons for nerves)

Front 37

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Back 37

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves --> Parasympathetic and sympathetic

Front 38

Pia Mater

Back 38

Thin, delicate membrane --> lots of BV

Front 39

Plexus

Back 39

Large, interlacing network of nerves

Front 40

Pons

Back 40

Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and rest of the midbrain

Front 41

Receptor

Back 41

Organ that receives a nerve stimulus

Front 42

Sciatic Nerve

Back 42

Nerve extending form the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot

Front 43

Sensory Nerve

Back 43

Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord form a receptor; afferent nerve

Front 44

Spinal Nerves

Back 44

Thirty one pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord

Front 45

Stimulus

Back 45

Agent of change (light, sound, touch) in the internal or external environment that evokes a response

Front 46

Stroma

Back 46

Connective or supporting tissue

Front 47

Sulcus

Back 47

Depression/groove in cerebral cortex (fissure)

Front 48

Sympathetic Nerves

Back 48

Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress

Front 49

Synapse

Back 49

Space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells

Front 50

Thalamus

Back 50

Relay center of brain; impulses between brain and spinal cord

Front 51

Vagus Nerve

Back 51

tenth cranial nerve; its branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach (X Nerve)

Front 52

Ventricles of the Brain

Back 52

Contain CSF

Front 53

Cerebell/o

Back 53

Cerebellum

Front 54

Cerebr/o

Back 54

Cerebrum

Front 55

Dur/o

Back 55

Dura Mater

Front 56

Encephal/o

Back 56

Brain

Front 57

Gli/o

Back 57

Glial cells

Front 58

Lept/o

Back 58

Thin, slender

Front 59

Mening/o, mining/o

Back 59

Membranes/meninge

Front 60

Myel/o

Back 60

Muscle

Front 61

Neur/o

Back 61

Nerve

Front 62

Pont/o

Back 62

Pons

Front 63

Radicul/o

Back 63

Nerve root

Front 64

Thalam/o

Back 64

Thalamus

Front 65

Thec/o

Back 65

Sheath

Front 66

Vag/o

Back 66

Vagus nerve

Front 67

Alges/o, -alalgesia

Back 67

Excessive sensitivity to pain

Front 68

-algia

Back 68

Pain

Front 69

Caus/o

Back 69

Burning

Front 70

Comat/o

Back 70

Deep sleep (coma)

Front 71

Esthesi/o, -esthesia

Back 71

Feeling/sensation

Front 72

Kines/o, kinesi/o, -kinesia, -kinesis, -kinetic

Back 72

Movement

Front 73

-lepsy

Back 73

Seizure

Front 74

lex/o

Back 74

Word/phrase

Front 75

-paresis

Back 75

Weakness; not paralysis

Front 76

-phasia

Back 76

Speech

Front 77

-plegia

Back 77

Paralysis

Front 78

-praxia

Back 78

Action

Front 79

-sthenia

Back 79

Strength

Front 80

Syncop/o

Back 80

Cut off, cut short

Front 81

Tax/o

Back 81

Order, coordination

Front 82

Hydrocephalus

Back 82

Abnormal accumulation of CSF in the brain

Front 83

Spina Bifida

Back 83

Congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect)

Front 84

Alzheimer Disease (AD)

Back 84

Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning

Front 85

Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Back 85

Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem

Front 86

Epilepsy

Back 86

Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

Front 87

Huntingdon Disease

Back 87

Hereditary disorder marked by degeneratie changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration

Front 88

Multiple Sclerosis

Back 88

Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue

Front 89

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

Back 89

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

Front 90

Palsy

Back 90

Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function): cerebral or Bell's

Front 91

Parkinson's Disease

Back 91

Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement

Front 92

Tourette Syndrome

Back 92

Involuntary, spasmodic twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds and inappropriate words

Front 93

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

Back 93

Viral infection affecting peripheral nerves

Front 94

Meningitis

Back 94

Inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis

Front 95

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Encephalopathy

Back 95

Brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS

Front 96

Brain Tumor

Back 96

Abnormal growth of brain tissue meninges

Front 97

Cerebral Concussion

Back 97

Temporary brain dysfunction (brief loss of consciousness) after injury, usually clearing within 24 hours

Front 98

Cerebral Contusions

Back 98

Bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head; neurologic deficits persist longer than 24 hours

Front 99

Cardiovascular Accident (CVA)

Back 99

AKA stroke; disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain

Front 100

Thrombotic CVA

Back 100

Thrombus in the arteries leading to the brain, resulting in occlusion of the vessel

Front 101

Embolic CVA

Back 101

Embolus travles to cerebral arteries and occludes a small vessel

Front 102

Hemorrhagic

Back 102

A BV breaks and bleeding occurs

Front 103

Migraine

Back 103

Severe, recurring, unilateral vascular headache

Front 104

Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis

Back 104

Samples of CSF are analyzed

Front 105

Cerebral Angiography

Back 105

X-Ray imaging of the arterial blood vessel in the brain after injection of contrast material

Front 106

CT of the Brain

Back 106

X-ray technique that generates computerized multiple images of the brain and spinal cord

Front 107

Myelography

Back 107

X-ray imaging of the spinal canal after injection of contrast medium into the subarachnoid space

Front 108

MRI

Back 108

Magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord

Front 109

PET Scan

Back 109

Radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells

Front 110

Doppler Ultrasound

Back 110

Sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries

Front 111

Electroencephalogram

Back 111

Recording of the electrical activity of the brain

Front 112

Lumbar Punture (LP)

Back 112

CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis

Front 113

Stereotactic Radio-surgery

Back 113

Use of specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain

Front 114

AD

Back 114

Alzheimers Disease

Front 115

AFP

Back 115

Alpha-fetoprotein

Front 116

ALS

Back 116

Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis

Front 117

AVM

Back 117

Arteriovenous Malformation

Front 118

CNS

Back 118

Central Nervous System

Front 119

CSF

Back 119

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Front 120

CT

Back 120

Computed Tomography

Front 121

CVA

Back 121

Cerebrovascular Accident

Front 122

EEG

Back 122

Electroencephalography

Front 123

GABA

Back 123

Gamma Amino-Butyric Acid

Front 124

ICP

Back 124

Intracranial Pressure

Front 125

LP

Back 125

Lumbar puncture

Front 126

MAC

Back 126

Monitored Anesthetic Care

Front 127

MG

Back 127

Myasthenia Gravis

Front 128

MRA

Back 128

Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Front 129

MRI

Back 129

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Front 130

MS

Back 130

Multiple Sclerosis

Front 131

1/2P

Back 131

Hemiparesis

Front 132

PCA

Back 132

Patient-controlled Anesthesia

Front 133

PET

Back 133

Positron Emission Tomography

Front 134

PNS

Back 134

Peripheral Nervous System

Front 135

PSRS

Back 135

Proton Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Front 136

Sz

Back 136

Seizure

Front 137

TBI

Back 137

Traumatic Brain Injury

Front 138

TENS

Back 138

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Front 139

TIA

Back 139

Transient Ischemic Attack

Front 140

TLE

Back 140

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Front 141

tPA

Back 141

Tissue Plasminogen Activator