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201 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Excreatory System
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filters liquid waste from the blood, stores it, and gets rid of it; your body's waste removal system
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Kidney
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filters liquid waste from blood; help maintain proper levels of salts and water in the body
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Ureter
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Connects kidney to bladder
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Bladder
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stores liquid waste (urine)
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Urethra
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takes urine out of the body
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Digestive System
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takes in food, breaks it down to use for energy, growth, and repair, then gets rid of solid waste
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mouth
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takes in food
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Teeth
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grinds up food
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Salivary Gland (saliva)
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add enzymes to food for digestion, moistens food
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Tounge
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taste food, helps with swallowing and mixing food
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Esophagus
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tube that connects mouth to stomach
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Peristalisis
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muscular contraction that pushes food down the esophagus
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stomach
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stores food, mixes it up for 1-3 hours
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chyme
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food plus gastric juices
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liver
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produces bile (breaks down fat)
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Gall Bladder
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stores bile
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Small Intestine
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as food passes through nutrients are absorbed into the body; a coiled tubelike organ that is about 20 ft. long
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large intestine (colon)
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reabsorbes H2O from chyme
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Rectum
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stores solid waste (feces)
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Anus
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muscle that holds waste in
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Nervous System
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takes in information, sorts, stores, and uses it; your body's message and controll center
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Nerve Cell
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neuron (no definition)
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Cell Body
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nerve cell
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Dendrite
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takes messages to cells
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Axon
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takes messages from the cells
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Brain
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main organ of the nervous system (no definition)
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Cerebrum
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movement, thinking, senses
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Cerebellum
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balance, coordination, posture
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Brain Stem
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heartbeat, breathing, digestion
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Spinal Cord
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connects body to brain
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Endocryne System
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chemicals that controll body structures and functions
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Pituitary
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Contains ACTH, TSH, Gonnadtropic, and Somatropic hormones; a gland that signals other endocryne glands to produce hormones when needed; master gland
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Thyroid
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Thyroxin hormone
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Thymus
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Thymus hormone
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Pineal
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Pineal hormone
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Parathyroid
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Parathyroid hormone
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Adrenals
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Contains Corticosteroids, Adrenaline
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Islets of Langerhans
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produces hormones in the pancreas
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Islets of Langerhans
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Insulin hormone
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Gonads
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(ovaries and testes)
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Ovaries
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estrogen, progesterone
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Estrogen and Progesterone
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female sex characteristics
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Testes
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testosterone hormone
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Testosterone
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male sex characteristics
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
(ACTH) |
controls adrenal gland
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH) |
controls Thyroid gland
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Gonadtropic Hormone
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stimulates the Gonads to function
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Somatropic
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growth hormone
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Thyroxin
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controls metabolism
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Thymus
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starts immune system
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Pineal
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daily rhythms and sexual development
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Parathyroid
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regulates level of calcium in our blood
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Corticosteroids
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salt and water balance, metabolism, immune system
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Adrenaline
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increases heart rate and breathing when under pressure
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Insulin
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sugar level in the blood
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Integumentary System
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protects us from germs, regulates our body temperature, holds in body fluids
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Epidermis
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outside, dead, layer of skin
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Dermis
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living layer of skin
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Sweat Gland
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rids body of fluids and salts, cools body, found in the dermis
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Hair follicles
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helps regulate body temperature, found in the dermis
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Oil Gland
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keeps skin and hair soft and supple found in the dermis
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Nerve Endings
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feelings: pain pressure, hot, cold, found in the dermis
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Subcutaneous Layer of Fat
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Insulates, keeps us warm and energy supply
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Reproductive System
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reproduce our species
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Ovary
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holds eggs and produces hormones
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Fallopian Tubes
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Connects ovary to uterus
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Uterus
(Womb) |
if the egg is fertalized the fetus develops here
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Cervix
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neck of the uterus that opens for child birth
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Vagina
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birth canal, leads to uterus
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Testes
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produce testosterone and sperm
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Epididimus
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sperm mature here
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Scrotom
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sack that holds testes and regulates their temperature
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Vas Deferens
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connects epididimus to urethra
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Seminal Vesicle, Cowper's Gland, and Prostate Gland
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together with sperm makes semen, protects the sperm, nourishes, and lubricates
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Urethra
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tube that takes semen out of the body
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
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The brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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Nerves that connect the central nervous system to all parts of the body
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Somatic System
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The part of the nervous system that deals with actions that you control
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Autonomic System
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A system dealing with actions you do not control
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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
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A condition caused by the Braun being jarred and striking the inside of the skull
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Neuron
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Specialized nerve cells
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Physical activity
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Any form of bodily movement that uses up energy
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Coordination
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The smooth and effective working togetherof your muscles and bones
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Balance
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The feeling of stability and control over your body
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Calories
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Units of heat that measure the energy available in foods
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Physical fitness
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The ability to handle the physical demand of everyday life without becoming overly tired
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Excersise
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Planned physical activity done regularly to build or maintain one's fitness
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Aerobic excersise
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Rhythmic, non stop, moderate to vigorous activity that requires large announts of oxygen
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Anaerobic excersise
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Intense physical activity that requires little oxygen but uses short bursts of energy
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Heart and lung (cardiovascular) endurance
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A measure of how efficiently your heart and lungs work when you exercise and how quickly they return to normal when you stop
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Muscle strength
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A measure of the most weight you can lift or the most force you can exert at one time
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Muscle endurance
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A measure if of a muscle's ability to repeatedly exert a force over a prolonged period of time
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Flexibility
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The ability of your body's joints to move easily through a full range of motion
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Body composition
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The ratio of body fat to lean body tissue, such as bone muscle and fluid
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heredity
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The passing of traits from parents to their children
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Cross training
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Switching between different activities and excercises on different days
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FITT principle
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A meathod for safely increasing aspects of your workout without injuring yourself
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Frequency, intensity, time, type
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FITT principle
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Resting heart rate
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the number of times your heart beats pr minute when you are relaxing
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target heart rate
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the range of numbers between which your heart and lungs recieve the most benefit from a workout
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warm up
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a period of low to moderate excercise to prepare your body for more vigorous activity
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cooldown
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period of low to moderate excercise to prepare your body to end a workout session
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conditioning
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a regular activity and excersise that prepares a person for a sport
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protect, rest, ice, compress, and elevate
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PRICE formula
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dehydration
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condition caused by excesive water loss
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heat exhaustion
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an overheating of the body that can result from dehydration
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digestion
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the process of changing food into materials the body can use
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enzymes
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proteins that effect the many body processes
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excretion
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the process of removing wastes from the body
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nicotine
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an addictive drug found in tobacco leaves and in all tobacco products
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addictive
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capable of causing a user to develop intense cravings
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tar
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a thick, oily, dark liquid that forms when tobacco burns
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carbon monoxide
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poisonous, colorless, odorless gas
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smokeless tobacco
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ground tobacco that is chewed or inhaled through the nose
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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a condition in which passages in the lungs become swollen and irritated, eventually losing their elasticity
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cardiovascular disease
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a disease of the heart and blood vessels
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tolerance
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a process in which the body needs more and more of a drug to get the same effect
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physical dependance
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type of addiction in which the body itself feels a direct need for a drug
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psycological dependance
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an addiction in which the mind sends the body a message that it needs more of a drug
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withdrawl
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physical and psycological reactions that occur when someone stops using an addictive substance
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secondhand smoke
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enviromental tobacco smoke
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sidestream smoke
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smoke that comes directly from a burning cigarette, pipe, or cigar
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mainstream smoke
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smoke that is exhaled by a smoker
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passive smoker
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a nonsmoker who breathes in secondhand smoke
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negative peer pressure
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pressure you feel to go along with harmful behaviors or beliefs of others your age
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gland
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a group of cells or an organ that secretes a hormone
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sperm
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the male sex cell
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ovulation
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the release of one mature egg cell each month
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menstruation
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when the lining material, the unfertalized egg, and some blood flow out of the body
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mentrual cycle
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hormonal changes that occur in females from the beginning of one menstruation to the next
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nutrients
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substances in food that your body needs
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nutrition
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the study of nutrients and how the body uses them
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apetite
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the psycological desire for food
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hunger
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the body's physical need for food
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carbohydrates
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sugars and starches that occur naturally in foods, mainly in plants
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fiber
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the parts of fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans that your body cannot digest
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proteins
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nutrients your body uses to build, repair, and maintain cells and tissues
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saturated fats
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fats that are solid at room temperature; found in meat and dairy products
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unsaturated fats
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fats that remain liquid at room temperature; mainly come from plants
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vitamins
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substances that help your body fight infections and use other nutrients, among other jobs
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minerals
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elements that help form healthy bones and teeth, and regulate certain body processes
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calorie
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a unit of heat that measures the energy available in food
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empty calorie foods
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foods that offer few, if any, nutrients but do supply calories
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nutrient density
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the ammount of nutrients relative to the number of calories they provide
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alcohol
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a drug that is produced by a chemical reaction in fruits, vegetables, and grains
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depressants
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drugs that slow down the body's functions and reactions
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reaction time
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the ability to respond quickly and appropraitely to situations
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intoxication
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a person's mental and physical abilities have been impared by alcohol
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blood alcohol content (BAC)
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a measure of the ammount of alcohol present in a person's blood
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alcohol poisoning
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a dangerous condition that results when a person drinks excessive ammounts of alcohol over a short period of time
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malnutrition
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a condition in which the body doesn't get the nutrients it needs to grow and function properly
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fatty liver
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a condition in which fat builds up in the liver and can not be broken down
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cirrhosis
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a disease characterized by scarring and eventually destruction of the liver
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binge drinking
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the ocnsumption of a large quantity of alcohol in a very short period of time
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fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
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a group of alcohol related birth defects that include both physical and mental problems
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addiction
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physical or psycological need for a drug
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alcoholism
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a progressive, chronic disease involving a mental and physical need for alcohol
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enablers
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persons who create an atmosphere suitable for alcoholics
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drug
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substance other than food that changes the structure or function of the body or mind
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prescription medicines
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medicines that can be sold only with a written order from a physician
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over the counter medicines
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medicines that are safe enough to be taken without a written order from a physician
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drug misuse
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taking or using medicine in a way that is not intended
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side effect
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any effect of a medicine other than the one intended
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drug abuse
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intentionally using drugs in a way that is unhealthy or illegal
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narcotics
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specific drugs that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain
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euphoria
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feeling of wellbeing or elation
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withdrawl symptoms
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symptoms that occur after chronic use of a drug is reduced or stopped
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stimulants
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drugs that speed up activity in the human brain and spinal cord
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binge
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when a drug is taken repeatedly and at increasingly high doses
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hallucinogens
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drug that distorts moods, thoughts, and senses
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inhalents
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any substance whose fumes are sniffed and inhaled to produce mind altering sensations
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detoxification
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the physical process of freeing the body of an addicitive substance
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withdrawl symptoms like headaches, increased chance of stroke because of lack of oxygen to the brain
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short and long term effect of tobacco on the nervous system
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more mucus or phlegm, and athsma is more likely. Lung cancer, emphysema and other lung diseases are also more common
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short and long term effects of tobacco on the respiratory system
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upset stomach, dulled taste buds, tooth decay, cancers of the mouth and gums
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short and long term effects of tobacco on the digestive system
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heartrate increases, energy decreases, cholesteral levels increase
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short and long term effects of tobacco on the circulatory system
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height, weight, gender
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three things that effect the way alcohol effects the body
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liver, one drink
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this organ processes this many drinks per hour
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12-5-1.5
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___oz of beer=___oz of wine=___oz of liquor
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pores
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openings in the skin
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pimple
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a blocked and infected pore
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spinal cord
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reflexes are handled by this organ
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sensory, connecting, motor
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three types of neurons
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protein
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nutrient that builds, repairs, and maintains cells and tissues
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minerals
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help form bones and teeth, and needed to regulate body processes
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water
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the most common nutrients
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vitamin C
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substances that help fight infection and use other nutrients
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fat soluable
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vitamins stored in body fat
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water soluable
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vitamins that cannot be stored in the body
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A,D,E,K
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fat soluable vitamins
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B complex and C
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water soluable vitamins
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solid, animals, bad
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saturated fats are____ at room temp; their main source is from ___; and it is ___ cholesteral
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liquid, plants, good
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unsaturated fats are____ at room temp; their main source is from ___; and it is ___ cholesteral
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water, fiber, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, fats
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seven nutrients
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liver, eggs, green vegetables, whole grain
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four good sources of vitamins
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calcium, phosphorus, iron
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three minerals used by the body
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simple, sugar
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____carbohydrates come from ___
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complex, starch
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____ (c)carbohydrates come from ___
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high density lippoprotein (HDL)
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good cholesteral
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protein, carbohydrates
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two nutrients that give us energy
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feces
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solid waste
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