Health Psych Exam Ii

Front 1

stress

Back 1

a negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes that are directed either at altering the event or accommodating to its effects

Front 2

stressors

Back 2

stressful events, the initial focus of researchers.

Front 3

person-environment fit

Back 3

the main determinant of stress; an assessment of whether the person's personal resources are sufficient to meet environmental demands

Front 4

fight-or-flight response

Back 4

(cannon) when an organism perceives a threat, the body is rapidly aroused by the endocrine system causing attack or fleeing behavior.

Front 5

General adaptation syndrome

Back 5

when an organism confronts a stressor, it mobilizes itself for action, regardless of the cause of the threat.

Front 6

alarm

Back 6

gas. organism mobilizes to meet the threat.

Front 7

resistance

Back 7

gas. organism makes efforts to cope with the threat through confrontation.

Front 8

exhaustion

Back 8

gas. occurs if the organism fails to overcome the threat and depletes its physiological resources in the process of trying

Front 9

primary appraisal

Back 9

when individuals confront a new or changing environment, they engage in a process that determines the meaning of event as pos, neg, or neutral.

Front 10

secondary appraisal

Back 10

the assessment of one's coping abilities and resources and whether they will be sufficient to meet the harm, threat, and challenge of the event.

Front 11

reactivity

Back 11

the degree of change that occurs in autonomic, neuroendocrine, and/orimmune responses as a result of stress.

Front 12

cortisol

Back 12

high levels of this chemical in the body are seen in indivs with chronic stress.

Front 13

allostatic load

Back 13

physiological costs of chronic exposure to fluctuating neural/neuroendocrine responses from repeated/chronic stress

Front 14

uncontrollable events

Back 14

most stressful type of event

Front 15

tend-and-befriend

Back 15

females' responses to stress evolved to care for self AND for offspring

Front 16

oxytocin

Back 16

a chemical that causes behavior that is calmer and more relaxed and more social and maternal

Front 17

allostasis

Back 17

a concept refering to the fact that physiological systems within the body fluctuate to meet demands from stress.

Front 18

internal

Back 18

cognitive explanitory style "i'm stupid"

Front 19

stable

Back 19

cognitive explanitory style "i'm always stupid"

Front 20

Global

Back 20

cognitive explanitory style "i'm stupid everywhere"

Front 21

cognitive costs

Back 21

occur when we devote attention to understanding a stressful event, monitoring it, and attempiting to deal with it, these efforts draw the same resources away from other aspects of life. stronger for unpredictable and uncontrollable events.

Front 22

acute stress paradigm

Back 22

finds that when people are induced to perform stressful tasks, they show strong indications of sympathetic activity and psychological stress. can be used for understanding what kinds of events produce stress and how reactions are influenced

Front 23

stressful life events (SLE)

Back 23

developed by holmes and rahe. Identifies events that force people to make changes in their lives. point values are assigned to different stressors and rated on the social readjustment rating scale. modest relationship.

Front 24

chronic stress

Back 24

can be caused by poverty, bad relationships, high stress job. lasts more than two years.

Front 25

role conflict

Back 25

occurs when a person receives conflicting information about work tasks or standards from different individuals.

Front 26

stress moderators

Back 26

factors that modify how stress is experienced and the effects it has.

Front 27

coping

Back 27

the process of managing demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person.

Front 28

coping style

Back 28

a general propensity to deal with stressful events in a particular way. ie, dealing with stress by talking about it...

Front 29

problem focused coping

Back 29

doing something constructive about events that are appraised as negative. ie, work problems

Front 30

emotion focused coping

Back 30

regulating emotions that are experience because of the stressful event. ie, many times health problems

Front 31

emotion-approach coping

Back 31

clarifying, focusing on, working through emotions experienced with a stressor. improves adjustment to chronic conditions and daily stress.

Front 32

disclosure

Back 32

has beneficial long term effects on immune functioning following the emotional writing or talking about an event.

Front 33

microscopic view

Back 33

this view has been taken recently by researchers as coping styles measured at trait level predict how people will behave in specific situations.

Front 34

social support

Back 34

information from others that one is loved and cared for, esteemed and valued, and part of a network of communication and mutual obligations from parents, spouses, etc. people with high levels experience less stress.

Front 35

tangable assistance

Back 35

providing material support, services, money goods

Front 36

informational support

Back 36

providing knowledge. ie, explaining a medical procedure

Front 37

emotional support

Back 37

providing reassurance, warmth, nurturance

Front 38

invisible support

Back 38

when one receives help from another, but is unaware of it, that help is most likely to benefit the self.

Front 39

direct effects hypothese

Back 39

social support is generally beneficial during non-stressful times as well as during highly stressful times

Front 40

buffering hypothesis

Back 40

the health benefits and mental health benefits of social support are chiefly evident during periods of high stress. when little stress, social support may have few health benefits.

Front 41

extracting support

Back 41

some people are more competent than others in getting the support they need.

Front 42

matching hypothesis

Back 42

different kinds of stressful events create different needs. a match between one's needs and what one receives in a social network is necessary.

Front 43

4-5 percent

Back 43

what percent of people are hypochondriacs?

Front 44

illness schemas (representations)

Back 44

organized conceptions of illness acquired through outside sources.

Front 45

2/3

Back 45

how much of physicians time is consumed by psychological complaints?

Front 46

worried well

Back 46

people who are concerned about health and inclined to perceive minor symptoms as serious, and believe they should take care of their own health

Front 47

somaticizers

Back 47

individuals who express distress and conflict through bodily symptoms

Front 48

secondary gains

Back 48

benefits incurred by illness such as a chance to rest and be cared for by others.

Front 49

delay behavior

Back 49

the time between recognition of a symptom and obtaining treatment

Front 50

appraisal delay

Back 50

the time it takes a person to decide that a symptom is serious

Front 51

illness delay

Back 51

the time between recognizing that a symptom implies an illness and the decision to seek treatment

Front 52

behavioral delay

Back 52

the time between deciding to seek treatment and actually doing so

Front 53

medical delay

Back 53

the time between making an appointment and receiving appropriate care

Front 54

33 million

Back 54

how many people are admitted to hospitals annually?

Front 55

control-enhancing interventions

Back 55

this can have a marked effect on postoperative adjustment. consists of in depth informing of the patient as to the procedure and what to expect.