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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What affects the placebo effect? |
how the health care provider behaves characteristics of patient situational factors/characteristics of placebo social norms |
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Why do placebos work? |
- situational factors/characteristics, e.g. the more "medical" or expensive a placebo is perceived to be, the more likely people are to believe in its effectiveness - placebos serve as our expectation of improvement |
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How do placebos work? |
decrease anxiety (physical) endorphin release (physical) classical conditioning (psychological) expectations (psychological) |
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More effective placebos results in |
fewer new medicines available to ailing patients and more financial woesfor the pharmaceutical industry
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What is happening within the pharmaceutical industry? |
it’s not that old meds are gettingweaker, but rather that the placebo effects are getting stronger |
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Placebo perception in the 90s |
placebo was considered a psychological trait related to neurosis and gullibility
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What the pill color means |
Yellow pills are most effective.
Redpills are similar to stimulants. Green pills produce less Anxiety (chillpill) White tablets can soothe ulcers |
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What was the classic use of placebos in medicine? |
to boost the confidence of anxious patient |
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Why are placebo effects getting stronger? |
due to the drug industry's success in marketing their products |
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#1 Placebo brain trigger |
patient's hope of getting better andexpectation of expert care |
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The results of the pharma industry's efforts |
Big Pharma's attempt to dominate the central nervous system has ended up revealing how powerful the brain really is (if you expect to get better > you will!) |
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The effect of our stress response results from |
our nervous system's response to our environment |
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The autonomic and somatic nervous system are part of |
the peripheral nervous system |
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The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system are part of |
the autonomic nervous system |
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The adrenocortical response |
hypothalamus stimulates pituitary > pituitary releases ACTH > adrenal cortex stimulation > release of glucorticoids (cortisol)
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The adrenomedullary response |
sympathetic NS activation > stimulates the adrenal medulla > release of catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) |
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The stress response can occur through |
the sympathetic NS activation, or the HPA axis |
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HPA axis method of stress response |
hypothalamus activation > release of corticotropin > anterior pituitary secretes ACTH > stimulates adrenal cortex > secretes glucocorticoids (cortisol) |
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Criticism of Han Selye's GAS |
-ignores the processes of allostasis (adaptation and change) -ignores the situational and psychological factors of stress |
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According to Lazarus, the effects of stress depend on |
a persons ability to cope, their vulnerability, their feeling of threat |
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Coping |
is a process; it is not automatic; it requires effort; it is one's attempt to manage the situation |
