Health And Wellness: Exam 1

Front 1

Environment

Back 1

External surroundings, including living and nonliving

Front 2

Natural Environment

Back 2

Areas and ecosystems that existed before human influence

Front 3

Built Environment

Back 3

Manmade structures such as building, parks, transportation systems, & energy networks

Front 4

Environmental Health

Back 4

a discipline that addresses the many external factors that can potentially affect health

Front 5

How can overpopulation affect health?

Back 5

-driving force behind environmental degradation

-population growth: function of birth rates and death rates

-increases risk of infectious diseases & deepens conditions of poverty and disadvantage

Front 6

Pollution

Back 6

Introduction of toxic substances into the environment

-Types: water, air, soil, light, and noise pollution

Front 7

Air Quality Index

Back 7

calculates outdoor air quality for major pollutants

Front 8

Recycling

Back 8

Recovery of useful materials from the trash to use to make new products

Front 9

Compositing

Back 9

Collecting organic waste and storing it

Front 10

How does water management affect health?

Back 10

determines ways to cope with looming water shortages

Front 11

What is desalination and what are it shortages?

Back 11

Removing salt from sea water to render it potable

Shortages:

-Complicated, costly, harms marine ecosystems

-Consumes energy, which further contributes to global warming and drought

Front 12

How does land pollution affect health?

Back 12

- Synthetic pesticides and fertilizers applied to crops contaminate soil

-Soil pollutants become incorporated into dust, which becomes airborne when blown by the wind

Front 13

What are some examples of hazardous wastes?

Back 13

-Household items: batteries, gasoline, paint, antifreeze

-Industrial items

Front 14

How do greenhouse gases affect health?

Back 14

absorb heat energy in the atmosphere

Front 15

Greenhouse Effect

Back 15

atmospheric gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane trap solar radiation and consequently warm the Earth's surface

Front 16

Nonrenewable Energy Sources

Back 16

Energy resources that natural processes either don't replace or do so over a long period of time

Front 17

Renewable Energy Sources

Back 17

energy resources that natural processes rapidly produce

Front 18

What is true about stress in America?

Back 18

-economic recession is a major cause

-women have greater risks than men

-children and teens are also affected

-many people turn to sedentary activities to relieve stress

Front 19

Homeostasis:

Back 19

body's internal balance

Front 20

Stress

Back 20

body's nonspecific response to any challenge to homeostasis

Front 21

Stessor

Back 21

threatens homeostasis, activates a stress response

Front 22

What are the stages of General Adaptation Symdrome?

Back 22

-Alarm Stage: organism encounters stressor

-Resistance Stage: copes w/ stressor

-Exhaustion Stage: Point at which unremitting stress leads to illness and death

Front 23

What are the two types of stress?

Back 23

-Eustress: favorable stress

-Distress: unfavorable stress

Front 24

Allostasis

Back 24

ability to achieve stability through change

Front 25

Allostic Load

Back 25

Price the body pays for the excessive stress

Front 26

What part of the brain reacts when confronted with a potential threat?

Back 26

Limbic System

Front 27

What does the hippocampus do in relation to stress?

Back 27

Part of the Limbic System; interprets and remembers the contextual details of the situation

Front 28

What is modern stress considered?

Back 28

Psychological

Front 29

Rumination

Back 29

turning a thought over and over agin in the head

Front 30

Anticipation

Back 30

Forecasting about what might happen

Front 31

Stress-Diathesis Model

Back 31

holds that a combo. of genetics and early life predispose an individual toward disease conditions in the face of sufficient stress

Front 32

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Back 32

Primary symptom is incapacitation & profound fatigue

Front 33

Fibromyalgia

Back 33

Chronic condition characterized by widespread pain & inability to sleep

Front 34

Matching Hypothesis

Back 34

different ways of handling a stressor

-Behavioral focused or cognitive focused

-Approach or avoident

Front 35

Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management

Back 35

Replaces negative thinking patterns and self-defeating thoughts

Front 36

What are some strategies to overcome stress?

Back 36

-Recognize how to respond to stress

-learn cognitive skills

-eat healthy food

-sleep well

-seek social support

Front 37

Locus of Control

Back 37

Belief about who/what is responsible for future life events

-External: belief that external forces manipulate life

-Internal: You are in control of your own future/life

Front 38

Psychology

Back 38

study of mind and behavior

Front 39

Mental Health

Back 39

Ability to think, process, and solve in realistic ways

Front 40

Psychologist

Back 40

Professional with doctoral in psychology

Front 41

Psychotherapy

Back 41

the treatment of mental disorderly psychological rather than medical means

Front 42

Psychiatrist

Back 42

Medical training in psychiatry; can prescribe medications

Front 43

Positive Psychology

Back 43

branch of psychology devoted to the study of the elements; happy thoughts = success

Front 44

Flexible Psychology

Back 44

Psychological health is the result of dynamic ongoing process including how a person:

-adapts to situational demands

-Reconfigures mental resources

-shifts perspective

-balances desires, needs, and life domains

Front 45

What causes more disability in the developed world than any chronic illness?

Back 45

Mental Illnesses

Front 46

How many people are approximately affected by mental illness?

Back 46

450 million

Front 47

What is an anxiety disorder?

Back 47

a serious mental illness characterized by a constant and overwhelming sense of worry and fear; over 6 months of worry/fear/stress

Front 48

What are some types of anxiety disorders?

Back 48

-OCD

-Panic Disorder

-PTSD

-Social Phobias

-General Phobias

-Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Front 49

What are the treatments for anxiety disorders?

Back 49

medication, psychotherapy or both

Front 50

What are the types of depression?

Back 50

-major depressive disorder

-dysthymia

-seasonal affective disorder

-premenstrual dysphoric disorder

-postpartum disorder

Front 51

Diagnosis for depression?

Back 51

interview with a health care practitioner

Front 52

Treatment for depression?

Back 52

therapies & medications

Front 53

Bipolar disorder

Back 53

characterized by periods of depression and mania

Front 54

What is mania?

Back 54

characterized by:

-increased energy & activity

-decreased sleep

-euphoria

-restlessness

-agitation

-rapid thoughts; impulsive behaviors

Front 55

Psychosis

Back 55

severe psychological disorder that leads to loss of contact with reality and is marked by:

-radical changes in personality

-impairments of thoughts & emotions