Health And Lifestyle Test #1

Front 1

life expectancy

Back 1

the average number of years that an individual of a particular age can expect to live

Front 2

lifestyle

Back 2

a way of living including behaviors that promote or impair good health and longevity

Front 3

risk factor

Back 3

a characteristic that increases an individual's chances of developing a health problem

Front 4

good health

Back 4

the ability to function adequately and independently in a constantly changing environment

Front 5

optimal wellness

Back 5

a sense that one is functioning at his or her best level

Front 6

holistic

Back 6

characteristic involving all aspects of the person

Front 7

signs

Back 7

observable measurable features of an illness

Front 8

symptoms

Back 8

subjective complaints of illness

Front 9

acute

Back 9

a condition or illness that tends to develop quickly and resolve within a few days or weeks

Front 10

chronic

Back 10

a condition or disease that often takes months or years to develop, progresses in severity and can affect a person over a long period

Front 11

genes

Back 11

segments of DNA that code for specific proteins

Front 12

genomics

Back 12

the scientific study of an organism's entire set of genes

Front 13

motivation

Back 13

the force or drive that leads people to take action

Front 14

efficacy

Back 14

regarding health education, the belief that one is capable of changing his or her behavior

Front 15

conventional medicine

Back 15

the form of medicine that relies on modern sci principles, modern tech, and sci proven methods to prevent, diagnose and treat health conditions

Front 16

placebo

Back 16

a sham treatment that has no known physical effects; an inactive substance

Front 17

integrative medicine

Back 17

system of med care that emphasizes personalized health care and disease prevention

Front 18

dietary supplement

Back 18

a product that is consumed to add nutrients, herbs, or other plant materials to a person's diet

Front 19

psychology

Back 19

the study of mental processes that influence human behavior

Front 20

physiology

Back 20

the study of bodily functions

Front 21

central nervous system CNS

Back 21

of two primary divisions of the nervous system, the one that consists of brain and spinal cord

Front 22

peripheral nervous system PNS

Back 22

of the two primary divisions of the nervous system, the one that consists of nerves, which relay info to and from the CNS

Front 23

neurotransmitters

Back 23

chemicals produced and released by nerves that convey info between most nerve cells

Front 24

personality

Back 24

a set of distinct thoughts and behaviors that characterizes a person's response to situations

Front 25

heredity

Back 25

the transmission of bio info coded with genes, from parents to offspring

Front 26

temperament

Back 26

the predictable way an individual responds to situations and others, such as being pleasant, outgoing or shy

Front 27

defense mechanism

Back 27

ways of thinking and behaving that reduce or eliminate anxious and guilt feelings

Front 28

psychological adjustment

Back 28

changing one's thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors to cope effectively with the demands of the environment

Front 29

psychological growth

Back 29

the process of learning from one's experiences

Front 30

autonomy

Back 30

sense of independence and self-control

Front 31

self-esteem

Back 31

the extent to which a person feels worthy and useful

Front 32

affect

Back 32

observable expressions of mood

Front 33

delusions

Back 33

inaccurate and unreasonable beliefs that often result in decision-making errors

Front 34

hallucinations

Back 34

false sensory perceptions that have no apparent external cause

Front 35

generalized anxiety disorder

Back 35

a condition characterized by uncontrollable chronic worrying and nervousness

Front 36

phobia

Back 36

an intense and irrational fear of an object or a situation

Front 37

panic disorder

Back 37

psychological condition that features panic attacks, unpredictable episodes of extreme anxiety, and loss of emotional control

Front 38

obsession

Back 38

a repetitive thought that produces anxious feelings

Front 39

compulsion

Back 39

the behavior that follows obsessive thoughts and reduces anxiety

Front 40

major depressive disorder

Back 40

a mood disorder characterized by persistent and profound sadness, hopelessness, helplessness, and feeling of worthlessness; lack of energy; loss of interest in usual activities; loss of ability to concentrate; suicidal thoughts; and appetite and sleep disturbances

Front 41

eating disorders

Back 41

persistent, abnormal eating patterns that can threaten a person's health and well-being

Front 42

anorexia nervosa

Back 42

a severe psychological disturbance in which an individual refuses to eat enough food to maintain a healthy weight

Front 43

bulimia nervosa

Back 43

an eating disorder characterized by craving for food that is difficult to satisfy

Front 44

binge eating disorder

Back 44

a pattern of eating excessive amounts of food in response to distress such as anxiety or depression

Front 45

schizophrenia

Back 45

a form of psychosis

Front 46

stress

Back 46

a complex series of psychological and physical reactions that occur as one responds to a situation

Front 47

stressors

Back 47

events that produce physical or psychological demands on an individual

Front 48

distress

Back 48

events or conditions that produce unwanted or negative outcomes

Front 49

eustress

Back 49

events or conditions that create positive effects, such as making one feel happy, challenged or successful

Front 50

hormones

Back 50

chemical messengers that convey info from a gland to other cells in the body

Front 51

endocrine system

Back 51

a group of glands that produce hormones

Front 52

fight-or-flight response

Back 52

the physical responses to stressful situations that enable the body to confront or leave dangerous situations

Front 53

general adaptation syndrome GAS

Back 53

the three stage manner in which the human body responds to stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Front 54

psychoneuroimmunology

Back 54

the study of the relationships between the nervous and immune systems

Front 55

immune system

Back 55

the specific defenses of the body that include combating infectious agents

Front 56

intestinal ulcer

Back 56

a sore in the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum

Front 57

coping strategies

Back 57

behavioral responses and thought processes that people use to deal with stressors

Front 58

temporomandibular joint

Back 58

the place where the lower jaw bone attaches to the temporal bone of the skull

Front 59

meditation

Back 59

an activity which one relaxes by mentally focusing on a single word, object or thought

Front 60

Four main goals of Healthy People 2020

Back 60

1. attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death

2. achieve health equity, eliminate disparities and improve health of all groups

3. create social and physical environments that promote good health for all

4. promote quality of life, healthy development and healthy behaviors

Front 61

health

Back 61

a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Front 62

How did Healthy People 2020 come about?

Back 62

2000 public health experts had collected and analyzed info about the population's progress toward achieveing the heath objectives and the data were used for the publication of revised set of goals and objectives... this process repeated every 10 years... Healthy People 2020

Front 63

health and wellness is

Back 63

holistic- physical, psychological and soical dimensions, but also intellectual, spiritual, and environmental dimensions

Front 64

Five steps of behavioral change process

Back 64

1. maintenance

2. action

3. preparation

4. contemplation

5. precontemplation

Front 65

Decision making model

Back 65

1. recieve info (cues)

2. formulate attitudes and beliefs

3. recognize the need to change behavior - change has value

4. evaluate choices - consider pros and cons

5. make decision

6. analyze outcomes - consider benefits and harms

Front 66

Reliable sources for health

Back 66

scientific or medical journal - have been peer reviewed

NOT magazines, books and journals that look like bona fide sources of health info but might not be - promoters, articles or ads that do not present the risks along with benefactors

Front 67

psychologically healthy people

Back 67

accept themselves and others

responding to changing situations with spontaneity

desire privacy

function independently

enjoy interpersonal relationships

display creative abilities

show appropriate emotion

are aware of reality

are concerned with the needs of others

have goals in life

Front 68

Freuds psychoanalytic theory of personality

Back 68

the unconscious mind is a reservoir of feelings thoughts or urges and memories that are outside of our conscious awareness - psychosexual stages

Front 69

Eriksons theory of personality

Back 69

personality develops in a series of stages. unlike freud - describes the impact of social experience across the whole life span - ego identity is the conscious sense of self that one develops through social interaction - constantly changing - competence motivates behaviors and actions - BECOMING COMPETENT IN AN AREA OF LIFE - sense of mastery vs sense of inadequacy

Front 70

Defense mechanisms

Back 70

1. avoidance - taking action to prevent situations that produce powerful feelings (woman not wanting to date)

2. denial - refusing to acknowledge unpleasant situations (does not accept the fact he has been diagnosed terminally ill)

3. repression - blocking unpleasant thoughts or feelings (supresses the memory of being sexually abused)

also: rationalization - making excuses; projection - attributing unacceptable thought or feelings or urges to someone else (women blames man of being unfaithful while repressing her desire to have an affair); displacement - redirecting a feeling or response towards a target that is less of a threat (abused wife mistreats child); regression - reducing anxiety by acting immature to feel more secure (6 year old sucks his thumb after baby brother is born)

Front 71

Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs

Back 71

1. Physiological Needs - air, water, food...

2. Safety needs - secure environment

3. Love needs - give and recieve

4. esteem needs - high self-image

5. self-actualization- achievement and mastery

Front 72

biological influences of personality

Back 72

heredity, temperament

Front 73

social and cultural influences

Back 73

cultural and ethnic background - interactions with parents, family members

Front 74

psychological stressors

Back 74

managing extreme emotions, handling difficult social situations, and dealing with troublesome thoughts and relationships - distress and eustress

response: burn-out, loss of enthusiasm, increased feeling of dissatisfaction, irritation, frustration, pessimism

Front 75

physical stressors

Back 75

engaging in excersize; experiencing illness, pain or injury, being exposed to dangerous pollutants or extereme temperature changes

response: hormones, endocrine system, fight or flight, GAS

Front 76

impact of stress on health

Back 76

people who experience numerous life events within a short time range are likely to develop illness - DOES NOT MEAN CAUSE

Front 77

personality and stress

Back 77

people who see negative may view a situation as impossible to overcome or be more vulnerable to stress - vulnerable people are more likely to become anxious, angry and depressed and make poor decisions

opposing: personalities that act as buffers, view stressful situations as challenges rather than threats - positive emotions

Front 78

stress and chronic health problems

Back 78

irrritable bowel syndrome (IBS), intestinal ulcers, headaches, overweight and obesity, heart disease and cancer

Front 79

coping with stress

Back 79

Problem focused strategies: managing your time

Emotion focused strategies: overeat, alchocol abuse

Social support strategies: seeking advice, assitance, consolation...

Front 80

Relaxation techniques

Back 80

deep breathing, progressive muscular relaxation, meditation and the relaxation response, imagery, self-talk, physical exercise

Front 81

normal emotional response vs abnormal

Back 81

intensity and duration